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Social7 > Southwest & Central Asia > Flashcards

Southwest & Central Asia Flashcards

1
Q

Alphabet

A

A set of letters that can be combined to form words

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2
Q

Arable

A

Land that is suitable for growing crops

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3
Q

Architecture

A

The science of building

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4
Q

Bedouins

A

Arabic-speaking nomads that live mostly in the deserts of Southwest Asia

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5
Q

Bible

A

The holy book of Judaism and Christianity

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6
Q

Byzantine Empire

A

the society that developed in the eastern Roman Empire after the west fell

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7
Q

Caliph

A

A title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam

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8
Q

Calligraphy

A

decorative writing

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9
Q

Canal

A

A human-made waterway

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10
Q

Chariot

A

A wheeled, horse-drawn cart used in battle

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11
Q

Christianity

A

A major world religion based on the teachings of Jesus

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12
Q

City-state

A

A political unit consisting of a city and its surrounding countryside

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13
Q

Cuneiform

A

The world’s first system of writing; it developed in Sumer

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14
Q

Diaspora

A

The dispersal of the Jewish population outside of Israel

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15
Q

Disciples

A

followers (particularly, followers of Jesus)

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16
Q

Division of labor

A

An arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job

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17
Q

Dryland farming

A

Farming that relies on rainfall instead of irrigation

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18
Q

Embargo

A

A limit on trade

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19
Q

Empire

A

Land with different territories and peoples under a single rule

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20
Q

Epics

A

long poems that tell the stories of heroes

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21
Q

Exodus

A

The journey in which Moses led his people out of Egypt

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22
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

An area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began

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23
Q

Five Pillars of Islam

A

Five acts of worship required of all Muslims

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24
Q

Fossil water

A

Water underground that is not being replaced by rainfall

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25
Q

Hammurabi’s Code

A

A set of 282 laws governing daily life in Babylon; the earliest known collection of written laws

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26
Q

Irrigation

A

A way of supplying water to an area of land

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27
Q

Islam

A

A religion based on the messages that Muhammad is believed to have received from God

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28
Q

Janissary

A

An Ottoman slave soldier

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29
Q

Jihad

A

To make an effort, or to struggle; has also been interpreted to mean holy war.

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30
Q

Judaism

A

The religion of the Hebrews (practiced by Jews today); it is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion.

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31
Q

Kibbutz

A

In Israel, a large farm where people share everything in common.

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32
Q

Kosher

A

A term used to refer to the food allowed under Jewish dietary laws; it means “fit” in Hebrew

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33
Q

Landlocked

A

Completely surrounded by land with no direct access to the ocean.

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34
Q

Messiah

A

In Judaism, a new leader that would appear among the Jews and restore the greatness of ancient Israel

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35
Q

Minaret

A

A narrow tower from which Muslims are called to prayer

36
Q

Monotheism

A

The belief in only one God

37
Q

Mosaic

A

A picture made with pieces of colored stone or glass

38
Q

Mosque

A

A building for Muslim prayer

39
Q

Muslim

A

A follower of Islam

40
Q

Nomads

A

people who move often from place to place

41
Q

Oasis

A

A wet, fertile area in a desert that forms where underground water bubbles to the surface

42
Q

OPEC

A

An international organization whose members work to influence the price of oil on world markets by controlling the supply.

43
Q

Phosphate

A

A mineral salt containing the element phosphorus

44
Q

Pictograph

A

A picture symbol

45
Q

Polytheism

A

The worship of many gods

46
Q

Priest

A

A person who performs religious ceremonies

47
Q

Qur’an

A

The holy book of Islam

48
Q

Rabbi

A

A Jewish religious leader and teacher

49
Q

Resurrection

A

In Christianity, Jesus’ rise from the dead

50
Q

Revolution

A

A drastic change in a country’s government and way of life

51
Q

Saint

A

A person known and admired for his or her holiness

52
Q

Scribe

A

A writer

53
Q

Secular

A

The separation of religion and government; non-religious

54
Q

Shah

A

A Persian title that means “king”

55
Q

Shia

A

Muslims who believe that true interpretation of Islamic teaching can only come from certain religious and political leaders called imams; they make up one of the two main branches of Islam

56
Q

Silt

A

A mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks that can make land ideal for farming

57
Q

Social Hierarchy

A

The division of society by rank or class

58
Q

Sufism

A

A movement in Islam that taught people they can find God’s love by having a personal relationship with God

59
Q

Sunnah

A

A collection of writings about the way Muhammad lived that provides a model for Muslims to follow

60
Q

Sunni

A

Muslims who believe in the ability of the majority of the community to interpret Islamic teachings; they make up one of the two main branches of Islam

61
Q

Surplus

A

More of something than is needed

62
Q

Taliban

A

A radical Muslim group that rose to power in Afghanistan in the mid-1990s

63
Q

Theocracy

A

A government ruled by religious leaders

64
Q

Tolerance

A

Acceptance

65
Q

Torah

A

The most sacred text of Judaism

66
Q

Wadi

A

A dry streambed

67
Q

Yurt

A

A movable round house made of wool felt mats hung over a wood frame

68
Q

Ziggurat

A

A pyramid-shaped temple in Sumer

69
Q

Zionism

A

A nationalist movement that began in the late 1800s and called for Jews to reestablish a Jewish state in their original homeland

70
Q

Kemal Ataturk

A

The first president of modern Turkey, he was given the name Ataturk, which means “father of the Turks”. He worked to free Turkey from foreign control and began many programs to reform and modernize the country.

71
Q

George W. Bush

A

President of the United States, he was president on September 11, 2001, when the country suffered its worst terrorist attack. This attack led to the country’s War on Terror.

72
Q

Constantine

A

Roman emperor, he was the first Roman emperor to become a Christian. Constantine moved the empire’s capital from Rome to Constantinople and removed bans on Christianity.

73
Q

Shirin Ebadi

A

Iranian lawyer, writer, and teacher, she was the first Muslim woman to win the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2003. She has received many awards for her work to promote democracy and human rights, especially for women and children in Iran.

74
Q

Enheduanna

A

Daughter of Sargon, she is the first known female writer in history. Two of her hymns still exist and she may have helped to start a collection of songs dedicated to the temples of Babylonia.

75
Q

Hammurabi

A

Babylonian ruler, he was a brilliant military leader who brought all of Mesopotamia into the Babylonian Empire. Hammurabi is known for a unified code of 282 laws, that was produced during his reign.

76
Q

Saddam Hussein

A

Iraqi dictator, he became president of Iraq in 1979 and led Iraq into two devastating wars. Known for his brutal suppression of opposition, Hussein was overthrown and captured by the United States in 2003 as part of the War on Terror.

77
Q

Ibn-Sina

A

Muslim doctor, he wrote an influential book on medicine that was used throughout Europe until the 1600s. He is known in the West as Avicenna

78
Q

Jesus

A

Founder of Christianity, he taught about kindness and love for God. His teachings eventually spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world.

79
Q

Justinian

A

Byzantine emperor, he reunited the Roman Empire, simplified Roman laws with Justinian’s Code, and ordered Hagia Sophia built in Constantinople

80
Q

Mehmed II

A

Ottoman sultan, he captured Constantinople in 1453, which brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. Later, he worked to restore Constantinople, which the Ottomans called Istanbul.

81
Q

Moses

A

Bibilical figure, according to the Bible, he led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and back to Canaan in the Exodus. During this journey, Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments from God.

82
Q

Muhammad

A

Founder of Islam, he spread Islam’s teachings to the people of Arabia. Muhammad’s teachings make up the Qur’an.

83
Q

Nebuchadnezzar

A

Chaldean king, he rebuilt Babylon into a beautiful city, which featured the famed Hanging Gardens.

84
Q

Sargon

A

King of Akkad, a land north of Sumer, he built the world’s first empire after defeating Sumer and northern Mesopotamia.

85
Q

Suleyman I

A

Ottoman ruler, he governed the empire at its height. During his rule, the empire included much of the eastern Mediterranean and parts of Europe.

Social7 (18 decks)

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