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Clin Med Final > EENT > Flashcards

EENT Flashcards

1
Q

nasal discharge, sneezing, sore throat, fatigue, fever past few days

A

viral URI

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2
Q

throat pain, fever, pharynx erythema and exudate

A

pharyngitis

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3
Q

tx for viral uri

A 
Symptoms persist in 7-9 days
Fluids and rest
Decongestants
Acetaminophen
NSAIDs
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4
Q

tx for pharyngitis

A

Penicillin
Amoxicillin

If PCN allergy: cefadroxil, azithromycin, keflex

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5
Q

Fever, weakness, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, tough grey exudate, bull neck

A

diptheria

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6
Q

subglottic inflammation
stridor
lateral neck radiographs with “steeple sign”

A

Croup

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7
Q

tx for croup

A

Supportive
Supplemental oxygen
Nebulized epi to dec subglottic inflammation
Systemic steroids

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8
Q 
Difficulty swallowing
Fever
Drooling
Foul breath
unilat cervical adenopathy
hot potato voice
A

Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)

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9
Q

Tx for peritonsillar abscess

A

Amoxicillin
Clindamycin
I and D at ENT

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10
Q 
Respiratory distress
Stridor
Visualize red epiglottis fever
dysphagia
dysphonia
sore throat
A

Epiglottitis

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11
Q

Tx for epiglottitis

A

Maintain airway

Ampicillin

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12
Q

Hoarseness Inflammation of larynx

A

laryngitis

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13
Q

tx of laryngitis

A

Rest and hydration

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14
Q

vesicles around mouth

A

herpes simplex

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15
Q

tx of herpes

A

acyclovir

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16
Q

3 yo child vesicles all over hands, feet and mouth

A

Herpangina (Hand, foot and mouth disease)

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17
Q

Tx of herpangina

A

symptomatic

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18
Q

mouth pain with white curd like plaques that bleed when scraped

A

oral candidiasis

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19
Q

Tx of oral candidiasis

A

Topical: nystatin or clotrimazole
Oral: fluconazole

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20
Q

acute pain, swelling and erythema near gland esp with meals

dysphagia, fever, chills

A

Sialolithiasis

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21
Q

TX of Sialolithiasis

A

Hydrate: lemon candy, warm compress

Abx: dicloxacillin, amoxicillin

Pain medication
Possible I and D if not better

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22
Q

small round painful yellow/white ulcer with erythamatous halo

A

Apthous Stomatitis Minor

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23
Q

Tx of Apthous Stomatitis Minor

A

Lasts 10-14 days and heals without scarring

can use topical analgesics

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24
Q

large ulcer >1 cm, usually multiple lesions

A

Apthous Stomatitis Major

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25
Q

Tx of Apthous Stomatitis Major

A

Lasts 2-6 weeks

Heals with scarring

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26
Q

lots of vesicle lesions 1-3 mm ulcer

A

Herpetiform Aphthous Stomatitis

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27
Q

Tx of Herpetiform Aphthous Stomatitis

A

Heals in 7-10 days

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28
Q

Lesions extend from vermillion border to lips and perioral area
vesicles on tonsils and posterior pharynx

A

Oral Herpes Simplex Virus

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29
Q

Tx Oral Herpes Simplex Virus

A

Primary tx: supportive with lidocaine, oral NSAIDs

Antivirals: acyclovir, valacyclovir, famvir
NO corticosteroids

Topical: denavir

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30
Q

Lacy, wickham striae lesions

A

Oral Lichen Planus

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31
Q

Tx Oral Lichen Planus

A

Bx gingiva for definitive dx
No cure: optimize oral hygine

Topical corticosteroids: clobtasol and betamethasone propinate

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32
Q

Unilateral Lacy, wickham striae lesions

A

Oral Lichen Drug Reactions (OLDR)

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33
Q

painless white patchy lesion in mouth that cannot be scraped off

A

Leukoplakia (precancer)

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34
Q

Tx of Leukoplakia

A

Dx with bx
Smoking cessation
Excision

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35
Q

erythematous asymptomatic macule or plaque in mouth

Soft velvety texture

A

Erythroplakia

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36
Q

Tx of Erythroplakia

A

Bx for dx
Excise
Recurrence is common

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37
Q

eye with purulent discharge, crusting, no visual changes

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

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38
Q

tx Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A

Topical ABX-TMP/polymixin B drops AM, erythromycin ointment at night

Refer to opth if GC or chlamydia and give ceftriaxone and azithromycin

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39
Q

watery discharge, some morning crusting, tearing, erythema

A

viral conjunctivitis

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40
Q

tx viral conjunctivitis

A

supportive

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41
Q

dendritic lesions and branching seen with fluorescein staining

A

Herpes Simplex Keratitis

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42
Q

Tx Herpes Simplex Keratitis

A

acyclovir

43
Q

pain, photophobia, reduced vision, tearing, conjunctival erythema, hazy cornea

A

Bacterial Keratitis

44
Q

Tx Bacterial Keratitis

A

fluroquinolone drops

45
Q

herpes lesion on tip of nose

A

Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus

46
Q

decreased vision, pain with ocular mvt, proptosis

A

Orbital cellulitis

47
Q

Tx Orbital cellulitis

A

IV ABX vancomycin, clindamycin, ampicillin) and close monitiring

48
Q

eyelid inflammation

A

Dacryoadenitis

49
Q

Tx Dacryoadenitis

A

Steroids

Chronic is less responsive to steroids because more fibrosis

50
Q

Lacrimal sac distended and erythmatous with discharge and tenderness, tearing, redness to medial canthal, edema

A

Dacryocystitis

51
Q

Tx of Dacryocystitis

A

I and D

If non-tender and no discharge can massage (infants)/irrigate (adults)

52
Q 
Dry
Red
Irritated
Burns
Gritty
Blurry vision then goes back to normal
A

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye)

53
Q

Tx Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye)

A

blink more, avoid AC/hear, humidifier, moisture chamber, artificial tears, Restasis

54
Q

cobblestone mucosa, itchy, red, tearing, redness, stringy discharge

A

allergic conjunctivitis

55
Q

Tx allergic conjunctivitis

A

don’t rub eyes
cool compress
artificial tears
topical antihistamines- olopatadine

56
Q

gradual onset

central vision loss

A

Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

57
Q

Tx Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

A 
Refer to opthalmology
Amsler Grid
Stop smoking
Vitamins-zinc, C, E
VEGF inhibitors
58
Q 
Eye pain
Redness
Multicolored halo
Diminished peripheral vision
Headache
Previous ocular disease
A

Open Angle Glaucoma

59
Q

gradual decrease in vision
Glare
Second sight-improving vision

A

Cataracts

60
Q

Tx Cataracts

A

Surgery-lens extraction

61
Q

Tx Open Angle Glaucoma

A

acetazolamide
timolol
carbachol

62
Q

Cotton wool spots
Dot and blot
Hard exudates

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

63
Q

AV nicking
Copper wire
Arterial narrowing
Hard exudates

A

HTN retionpathy

64
Q

crusting at eyelashes, scaling, eyelid flaking

A

Blepharitis

65
Q

tx Blepharitis

A

hygiene rte

azithromycin, erythromycin or bacitracin

66
Q

painless rubbery nodule on eyelid

A

Chalazion

67
Q

Tx Chalazion

A

Lid hygiene routine
Often heal on own
If it doesn’t go away- intralesional steroids

68
Q

Painful

Inflamed eyelid lesion

A

Hordeloum

69
Q

Tx Hordeloum

A

warm compress, erythromycin and bacitracin, I and D

70
Q

older pt with lashes turned inward

A

entropion

71
Q

Tx entropion

A

surgical correction

72
Q

older pt with irritated red eye and eyelid sagging

A

Ectropian

73
Q

tx Ectropian

A

surgical correction

74
Q

Soft yellow plaques

A

Xanthelasma

75
Q

fever, otalgia, CHL

possible relief followed by drainage

A

Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

76
Q

Tx Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

A

acetaminophin for pain
ibuprofen for inflam
amoxicillin

77
Q

gold standard to dx AOM

A

pneumatic otoscopy

78
Q

erythema and swelling over mastoid process

A

Mastoiditis

79
Q

Mastoiditis tx

A

IV abx (ceftriaxone) and middle ear and mastoid drainage

80
Q

blister on TM

A

Bullous Myringitis

81
Q

perforated TM, persistent purulent otorrhea, otalgia, CHL

A

Chronic Otitis Media

82
Q

tx for hematoma of pinna

A

Prompt drainage and pressure dressing (48 hrs)
If not tx cauliflower ear deformity is permanent
Abx prophylaxis

83
Q 
swimmer
ear pain
pruitus
auricular discharge
pain on tragus
A

Otits Externa

84
Q

Otits Externa tx

A

dry ear

cipro topical

85
Q

rapid pressure change, inability to equalize pressure, fullness in ear

A

Barotrauma

86
Q

tx Barotrauma

A

Open eustachian tube
Antihistamines
Decongestants

87
Q

Tinnitus
Machinery-like noise
Pulsing sounds in both ears

A

middle ear hematoma

88
Q

tx middle ear hematoma

A

watchful waiting

89
Q

unilat hearing loss and unilat tinnitus

unilat SNHL

A

Acoustic Neuroma

90
Q

bony growths on TM, swam in cold water as a child

A

Exostoses (many)/Osteomas (one)

91
Q

progressive CHL, tinnitus

A

Otosclerosis

92
Q

Otosclerosis tx

A

stapedectomy with prosthesis

93
Q

Tx for BPPV

A

eppley manuever

94
Q

episodic vertigo lasting 1-8 hrs, horizontal nystagmus, N/V

A

meniere’s disease

95
Q

tx meniere’s disease

A 
Salt/caffeine restriction
Benzodiazepines (acute phase)
Diuretics- Triamterene/HCTZ
Oral steroids- if acute
Intratympanic steroid injections
96
Q

viral URI
N/V
violent vertigo

A

Vestibular Neuritis/Labyrinthitis

97
Q

tx Vestibular Neuritis/Labyrinthitis

A

Steroids
benzodiazepines
meclizine
Vestibular rehab

98
Q 
Purulent yellow-green nasal discharge
Facial pain over sinus
Nasal obstruction
Acute onset of sx (1-4 wk)
Cough, maliase, fever, headache
A

Acute Sinusitis

99
Q

Acute Sinusitis tx

A

NSAIDS
Decongestants
antihistamines

100
Q

sinusitus sx >12 wks diagnosis and treatment

A

chronic sinusitus

tx: IV amphotericin B, augmentin, prednisone

101
Q 
Clear rhinorrhea
Sneezing
Itching
Tearing
Eye irritation
Pruitis
A

Allergic Rhinitis

102
Q

Allergic Rhinitis tx

A

Avoidance of allergen

Antihistamines: loratadine

103
Q

unilat nasal discharge with foul odor

A

nasal foreign body

Clin Med Final (3 decks)

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