6.5 Flashcards
(36 cards)
is a power-generating device
that produces direct current electricity when it is
exposed to light
photovoltaic (PV) cell
Solar radiation is composed of
________ (particles) that
contain energy
photons
A permanent ____________ is built into the cell forces
electron movement in a particular direction:
electric field
Electron flow is _________, which can
be used to drive electrical appliances and equipment.
electricity
s are a
special type of PV cell that is manufactured with
the dual purpose of generating electricity and
serving as a construction material.
Building-integrated PV (BIPV) materials
The ________ efficiency of a PV cell is the proportion
of solar radiation that the cell converts to electrical
energy.
conversion
Commercially available PV cells measure between___ to
___ in (12 to 100 mm) square and produces a maximum of
about 1 to 2 W of power in direct sunlight
1⁄2 to
4 in
_____ are grouped together in a PV module that
creates a power source capable of lighting a small
electric lamp.
Cells
To generate power required in a building, PV
modules must be grouped together in a _____________
that when combined with other components make
up a PV system.
PV array
are also adequate and
may even be advantageous depending on the power
requirements and time of loads on the building power
system
Southeast- or southwest-facing arrays
The most effective tilt angle for fixed PV arrays depends on
________
latitude
_____ surfaces are ideally suited for PV integration in a building
because there is usually little shadowing at _____ heights and a
____ usually provides a large surface for integration
Roof
produce power independently of the utility grid.
- Stand-alone, off-grid, or autonomous PV systems
need no electrical storage because they
operate only during daylight hours, but most systems rely on
battery storage
Direct-coupled systems
combine
solar power with additional power sources
hybrid systems,
________ systems can supply the owner with reserve power
whenever energy demand exceeds that delivered by the PV
system
Battery
They supply surplus power back through the
grid to the utility and obtain power from the utility
grid when the building system’s power supply is
low.
Grid-connected PV systems
transforms DC power to AC power to supply
electricity to AC equipment and appliances and/or to
feed excess power into the utility lines or to battery
storage.
inverter
__________,_________,or _______ inverter is
used with an independent power system to draw
power from battery storage
static, stand-alone, or battery-charging
is
used in systems connected to a utility power line
synchronous or utility-interactive inverter
performs a dual
purpose. It can operate as stand-alone inverter
and serve as a synchronous inverter at the
same time
multifunction inverter
is the maximum amount of power
available on an uninterrupted basis.
continuous rating
relates to the momentary surge of power
(e.g., from startup of motors) the inverter can handle
without shutting off to protect itself from overload.
surge rating
are typically based on a
partial power output point where maximum
efficiency is achieved.
efficiency ratings
