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Philosophy > Intro To Philosophy > Flashcards

Intro To Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

I think therefore I am

A

Rene Descartes

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2
Q

Apology: what is Socrates charged with?

A

Not believing in the gods
Corrupting the youth
Making the weaker argument appear the stronger

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3
Q

Apology: penalty Socrates rejects

A

Exile, no matter where he goes, he would continue to question and upset people

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4
Q

Apology: what is death

A

Could be a dreamless night or soul could go somewhere, we don’t know death is bad

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5
Q

Apology: worst harm

A

Knowingly doing wrong

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6
Q

Apology: why is Socrates questioning people

A

The oracle, to find out who is truly wise (being wise is not caused by being good at one profession)

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7
Q

Apology: why does it not make sense to corrupt the youth?

A

Why would he corrupt them if he has the live with them? And why would you charge him for corrupting the youth rather then talking to him about it first?

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8
Q

Apology: why does it not make sense that he doesn’t believe in gods?

A

He believes in spirits and they are the children of gods

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9
Q

Apology: what does he believe his punishment should be?

A

He should be paid and fed. He never took money, and those in good shape get money and food but those in need continue not to.

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10
Q

Metaphysics

A

The study of how things are, the fundamental nature of being

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11
Q

Dualism

A

Mind+body

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12
Q

Egyptian metaphysics: shadow?

A

Non corporal double

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13
Q

Egyptian metaphysics: akh

A

Aspect of the sun

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14
Q

Egyptian metaphysics: ka

A

Vital forces of everything

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15
Q

Egyptian metaphysics: Ba

A

Exists independently from the body

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16
Q

Egyptian metaphysics: pharaoh’s ethics

A

Ensure that the equilibrium of creation was maintained during their lifetime (equilibrium- ma’at- justice)

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17
Q

Confucianism: period developed

A

Warring states

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18
Q

Confucianism: why did Confucius leave his home state

A

His leader was given dancing girls and he ignored his responsibilities, to look for a virtuous leader

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19
Q

Confucianism: 5 main themes

A 
Focus on everyday life
Revivalist tradition
Differentiated caring
Ritual
Ethical cultivation
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20
Q

Normative theories

A

Consequentialism
Deontology
Virtue ethics

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21
Q

Consequentialism

A

The right action is the one that creates the greatest good ( Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart mill, mozi, yang zhu)

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23
Q

Deontology

A

We must act accordingly to ethical duties

24
Q

Virtue ethics

A

Good character (Aristotle, kongzi, mengzi)

25
Q

Questions for virtue ethics

A

What is it to live well?
What traits of character are central
What is human nature like
How can one cultivate virtues

26
Q

4 cardinal virtues

A

Goodness (humanness, caring, benevolence)
Wisdom
Humility
Righteousness (integrity)

27
Q

Confucianism: mencian critique of profit

A

If leader values profit, those below him will and focus on themselves rather then the collective and look to improve themselves.

28
Q

Confucianism: ox mountain

A

Looks like it can not produce trees, but that is because ox have trampled on the sprouts. Same with a ‘bad’ person. They seem like they cannot be good, but it was the upbringing that made them this way

29
Q

Confucianism: kongzi virtues vs mengzi

A

Kongzi: goodness, righteousness, humility, wisdom

Mengzi: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom

30
Q

Confucianism: Mencian human nature

A

Human nature is naturally good. (Kid falling in a well)

31
Q

Daoism: who is Laozi, and was he real

A

He wrote the daodejing, and he is fiction, it means “old master”

32
Q

Upanishad: what does upanishad mean

A

“sitting down near”

33
Q

Upanishad: meaning of Atman

A

self

34
Q

Upanishad: meaning of Brahman

A

That which is, spiritual force

35
Q

Upanishad: meaning of Brahma

A

creator god

36
Q

Upanishad: meaning of Brahmin

A

Priest caste

37
Q

Upanishad: Atman is Brahman

A

we are connected to the all powerful force of the universe

38
Q

Upanishad: True or false, each of us has a “me”

A

True

39
Q

Upanishad: how do we know “I” am unchanging

A

Through intuition and experience, we know that the core of “I” has not changed

40
Q

Upanishad: What about yourself can change without “I” changing

A

Personality, thoughts, opinions, etc.

41
Q

Upanishad: does “I” include any changeable features?

A

No

42
Q

Upanishad: What is liberation

A

experiencing that Atman is Brahman, or knowing the fundamental nature of being

43
Q

Upanishad: what is Monism

A

Theory that everything is one

44
Q

Upanishad: what is the ‘good life’

A

A life of contemplation, and truly knowing and experiencing truth

45
Q

Bhagavad Gita: the Bhagavad Gita is part of what epic

A

The Mahabharata

46
Q

Bhagavad Gita: Can liberation be found in life as a part of society

A

Yes

47
Q

Bhagavad Gita: Meaning of Nomaste

A

I a recognizing that there is something in you that is in me

48
Q

Thales: What is the world made of, and why

A

Water, because everything is constantly changing

49
Q

Crito: Why should laws not be broken or why does Socrates say he cannot escape before his death?

A
  1. Agreeing to stay means you agree to the laws (just agreement), could leave at any time, had children, etc
  2. leaving weakens the importance of the laws, either persuade the city to change the laws, or abide by them
  3. Socrates chose death over exile, how could he leave now
50
Q

Plato: Detail Plato’s ‘Social Contract’

A
  1. State raises us through education, and legal structure
  2. Provides security
  3. Provides civil laws
  4. Provides public goods such as transportation and roads
51
Q

Nussbaum: Explain her capabilities approach

A
  1. States owe their members certain goods because of the demands of human dignity
  2. Freedom to achieve well-being
52
Q

John Rawls: View on a just state

A

State isn’t just unless less well-off people are doing okay in society

53
Q

Liberalism: View on a just state

A

Minimal interference and support for individuals

54
Q

Utilitarianism: View on a just state

A

State does what provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people

55
Q

Two ways of speaking of freedom

A

Positive (freedom to) Negative (freedom from)

Philosophy (5 decks)

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