Chapter 2: Skeletal System

Question 1

4 Functions of the Skeleton:

Answer 1

1. Gives support and shape to body
2. Protects vital organs
3. Assists in movement
4. Manufactures blood cells

Question 2

Types of Skeletons

Answer 2

Axial and Appendicular (206 comes in body)

Question 3

Axial

Answer 3

• vertebrae, skull, ribs, breast bone

- 80 total

Question 4

Appendicular

Answer 4

• upper and lower limbs, pelvic and pectoral girdle, attach to limbs
• 126 total

Question 5

Types (composition) of bones

Answer 5

Compact bone and Cancellous bone

Question 6

Compact bone

Answer 6

• hard outer covering

Ex: Skin on a piece of fruit

Question 7

Cancellous

Answer 7

inside of the bone→ spongy bone, where bone marrow is found

Question 8

4 Structures of bone

Answer 8

Epiphysis, Epiphyseal plate, Diaphysis, Metaphysis

Question 9

Epiphysis

Answer 9

End of your bone, where bone attaches to another bone, where your joints are found

Question 10

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 10

• growth plate

- typically found on long bones like femur, radius

Question 11

Diaphysis

Answer 11

the shaft, makes up the majority of the bone

Question 12

Metaphysis

Answer 12

where the end of the bone and the shaft of the bone meet, a flare

Question 13

Types of Bones

Answer 13

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid

Question 14

Long

Answer 14

• at least twice as long as it is wide

ex: femur, also remember the bones in your finger and toes

Question 15

Short

Answer 15

short; carpal bones (wrist: 8)

Question 16

Flat

Answer 16

flat; ex: scapula (shoulder blade)

Question 17

Irregular

Answer 17

• irregularly shaped, different from others

ex: vertebrae

Question 18

Sesamoid

Answer 18

• bones found within a tendon

ex: patella (in quadriceps tendon)

Question 19

Common Skeletal Pathologies

Answer 19

Fracture, Osteoporosis, Osteomyelitis, Epiphyseal disorders

Question 20

Fracture

Answer 20

• a break in the integrity of a bone,

- Different types: open and closed

Question 21

Open Fracture

Answer 21

compound, bone fragments pierce the skin

Question 22

Closed Fracture

Answer 22

non-compound, bone fragments do not pierce the skin

Question 23

Osteoporosis

Answer 23

• A condition where bones become thin or friable
• Both sexes but mainly in women→ because of the effects of estrogen
• After the age of late 40’s, bones become thin and break easily
• Other factors such as smoking and drinking can also lead to a higher risk

Question 24

Osteomyelitis

Answer 24

• an infection in a bone, usually caused by a bacteria

- Most common reason is an ulcer (an open sore anywhere on body)

Question 25

Epiphyseal disorders

Answer 25

• growth plate disorders; generally found in younger people
• **EX) Osgood Schlatter: disorder of the proximal growth plate in your tibia, gives knee pain
• Bell and LT suffer from this
• 11-16 yrs old→ goes away eventually