Week 2 - Unit 2: Health Promotion Flashcards
Define ‘healthy lifestyle’.
A healthy lifestyle is generally characterized as a “balanced life” in which one makes “wise choices”.
A final definition of lifestyle is: The aggregation of decisions by individuals which affect their health, and over which they more or less have control.
What is a belief?
The information a person has on an object or action, which they link to an attribute.
Example: a person believes potatoes (an object) are fattening (an attribute). If a person wants to loose weight, they may eat fewer potatoes
What is a value?
Acquired through socialization.
Emotionally charged beliefs, which make up what a person thinks are important.
What is an attitude?
More specific than values
Describes relatively stable feelings towards particular issues.
1. Cognitive – knowledge and information they possess. Quantitively / facts.
2. Affective – their feelings and emotions and evaluation of what is important. Qualitative / emotions.
List factors contributing to a healthy lifestyle
Impact of diet, smoking, alcohol, drugs, sex, sleep and exercise
Think about example activities which make up a healthy lifestyle. (What daily / weekly activities are suggested to make up a healthy lifestyle?)
Routine • Sleep • Exercise • Eating times • Working times e.g. 8 hours of sleep every night! Exercise for 60 minutes every day!
Diet
• Quantity of food – Calorie consumption
• Quality of food – Carbohydrate, Protein, Fat, Vitamins, Minerals, Water
e.g. Average male requires 2,700 calories per day and women require 2,200 calories
5 portions of fruit and vegetables every day!
Removing waste
e.g. At least 1 bowl movement every day!
Pass water at least 3 times every day!
Mental • Social / Friendships – play • Work – having a purpose • Work – managing stress • Emotional – self esteem • Psychological – Anxiety, Depression e.g. Taking 15 minute breaks for every 2-3 hours of work.
List categories of factors which impact on a healthy lifestyle . Think about how certain factors impact on a healthy lifestyles?
(Consider the positive and negative impacts of diet, drugs, smoking, alcohol, sex, sleep and exercise on healthy lifestyles
Poor diet Quantity Quality Eating correct amount of food gives the body the energy it needs to function normally. Eating too much fat can lead to obesity.
Drugs
Medicinal
Social
Medicines allow people to manage their morbidities, improving quality of life.
Social drugs can be abused and can lead to drug addictions.
Smoking
Alcohol
Binge
Social / Party
Sex
STI
Teenage pregnancies
Sleep
Regular and solid sleep every night improves mental, cognitive, immunological and cardiovascular health.
Irregular and disturbed sleep can lead to depression, anxiety, irritability, forgetfulness, susceptibility to infection and high blood pressure.
Exercise Cardiovascular Long term Short term Weight-baring Long term Short term Cardiovascular exercise improves cardiovascular and respiratory health. It also burns fat to reduce the risk of obesity. Excessive weight-baring exercise can lead to arthritis, muscle strain and damage tendons / ligaments.
List some examples of Current / recent health education campaigns
TV campaign at Christmas to reduce drink driving
Radio advert encouraging people to speak out if they are a victim of abuse
Practice nurse delivering a smoking cessation programme
Reminder advertisement on TV that seat belts are compulsory
Jamie Oliver lobbying Government on healthy meals in schools
Councils organising walks in the park for young mums
Charities such as Age UK giving information on how to keep warm in winter
Councils inspecting restaurants on food hygiene standards
Proving visual information on the content of food (fat and salt levels)
Posters to encourage people to wash their hands
Things to consider with Health Education Campaigns
- Who is the target audience?
- How is persuasion used?
- How many people will this influence?
- How does it make you feel?
- Is the message meaningful?
- Does it leave a lasting impression?
- Is it appropriate / is the message delivered?
- Does the cost of the campaign outweigh its benefit?
- What is the benefit?
Outline some approaches to Health education. I.e. what are health education campaigns doing?
Medical: Encourage people to seek early detection and treatment
Behaviour: Persuasive education to stop, or not to start
Education: Giving information to make informed decisions
Client-centred: Get information and guidance they want / empowerment
Societal change: changing law and policies to change behaviour
Victim Blaming: Holding people responsible for actions and lifestyle choices
Who is involved in health education?
Health Professionals- GP, Doctors, Nurses, Carers
Educators- Teachers, lecturers, professors- Students
Volunteers- Community members
Businesses- Organisations, charities
Retailers- Supermarkets and Restaurants
Celebrities- Media- Role models
International organisation- WHO- NICE
National organisations- Government - HPA (Health Protection Agency)- PHE (Public Health England)- NHS Direct- 111
Local agencies- PCT (Primary Care Trust)- CCG (Clinical Commissioning Group)
What factors contribute to a person willingness to change there attitude/belief/behaviour?
Depends on people’s views about the cause and prevention of ill health
The extent to which they feel they can control their lives and change
Whether they believe change is necessary
Whether they feel the benefits outweigh any difficulties
The person must feel competent to carry out the activity
List 5 Models of behaviour change .
Health Belief Model (1950 U.S Public health Service)
Theory of Reasoned Action (1980Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen)
Theory of Planned Behaviour (1991 Ajzen)
Stages of Change Model (1997 James. O. Prochaska)
Social Learning Theory (SLT) (1963 Albert Bandura)
Outline the Health Belief Model. (Include rationale, method and example)
Rational
Predict behaviour from patterns of belief
Method 4 Stages (Warning, perception, evaluation, action)
Example HEC
Smoking Infection – TB, STI
Outline the Theory of Reasoned Action Model. (Include rationale, method and example)
Rational
Behaviour is determined by intention to perform behaviour
Method
Belief, Emotion, Opinions, Motivation Attitude Intention Behaviour
Example HEC
Exercise, Dieting
