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neurophys > altertness, basal ganglia, cerebellum > Flashcards

altertness, basal ganglia, cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

inout to motor nerves includes what tracts

A

pyramidal

extrapyramidal

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2
Q

pyramidal tract are from ___

responsible for ____

A

motor cortex

fine, intentional movements

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3
Q

extrapyramidal tracts are ___pathways

A

indirect

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4
Q

reticular formation consists of what two parts

A

pontine reticulo nuclei

medullary reticulo nuclei

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5
Q

pontine reticular nuclei form the ___

A

pontine reticuar spinal tract

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6
Q

function of pontine reticular spinal tract

A

stimulation of all somatic muscle motor nerves, especially antigravity extensors

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7
Q

medullary reticular nuclei form the ____

A

medullary reticulo-spinal tract

origin in medulla

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8
Q

function of medullary reticulo-spinal tract

A

inhibition of somatic muscle motor nerves, especially antigravity extensors

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9
Q

origin of of rubro spinal tract

A

red nucleus

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10
Q

function of rubro spinal tract

A

stimulation of flexor and inhibition of extensor motor nucleus

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11
Q

origin of vestibulo spinal tract

A

lateral vestibular nuclei

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12
Q

function of vestibulo spinal tract

A

stimulation of extensor extensor, inhibition of flexor motor nerves

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13
Q

origin of tecto spinal tract

A

superior colliculi

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14
Q

function of tecto spinal tract

A

control of neck muscle motor nerves

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15
Q

functions of basal ganglia

A

maintain posture
maintain repetitive movements by controlling spinal cord pattern generators

inhibition of somatic motor activities

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16
Q

global stimulation of all basal ganglia nuclei results in

A

lessened skeletal muscle tone

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17
Q

specific lesions in basal ganglia result in

A

dyskinesia

freeing somatic motor system from inhibition

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18
Q

circuits associated with basal ganglia

A

caudate-direct pathway

putamen-indirect pathway

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19
Q

what does caudate pathway do

A

increases skeletal muscle motor activity -hyperkinetic activity
cognitive control of sequences of motor activity

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20
Q

what does indirect pathway do

A

inhibits/decreases skeletal muscle motor activity-hypokinetic activity
executes patterns of motor activity

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21
Q

pathologies interrupting indirect pathway nerve circuits ___ motor activity

A

increase

hyperkinesia

22
Q

neurotransmitters associated with basal ganglia

A

GABA
acetylcholine
dopamine
glutamate

23
Q

striatum initiates ___

A

gross intentional movements

24
Q

what do lesions in GABA secreting nerves of striatum do to indirect pathway and direct

A

renders it inoperable

then loss of Ach secreting cells in striatum reduces inhibition of direct

25
Q

striatal lesions result in

A

hyperkinesia

26
Q

subthalamic nuclei normally provides inhibition of

A

muscle tone related to balance

27
Q

lesions in glutamte secreting nerves from subthalamic nuclei to Int. GP nuc results in

A

loss of stimulation of internal globus pallidus by subthalamic n

more inhibition of inhibitory cells
freeing VA/VL from inhibition

dyskinesia-ballism

28
Q

globus pallidus maintains

A

posture

29
Q

lesions to GP __

A

redice ability of trunk muscles to maintain posture

30
Q

S nigra and parkinsons disease from lesions in

A

dopamine secreting nerves from pars compacta of s nigra to striatum

31
Q

lesions in s nigra result in

A

more inhibition of direct pathway and decreased inhibition of indirect pathway
frees subthal N from inhibition

32
Q

what kind of disease is parkinsons

A

hypokinetic

33
Q

what is most common BS lesion

A

parkinsons

34
Q

resting tremor at ___ common symptom associate with BS lesions

A

4-5Hz

35
Q

function of BS restored with

A

L-dopa and anticholinergics

36
Q

what controls eye movements

A

superior colliculus in s.nigra

37
Q

what does GABA do to superior colliculus

A

inhibits

38
Q

what does caudate nucleus damage do

A

removes emotional content from dangerous situations and normal social and moral motivations

39
Q

overall function of cerebellum

A

maintain posture, balance, smooth positions in dimensional space

40
Q

can cerebellum initiate movement

A

no

41
Q

anatomic lobes in cerebellum

A

anterior
posterior
flocculondular

42
Q

physiologically lobes in cerebellum

A

paleo spino cerebellum/medial
neo cerebro
archi vestibulo

43
Q

cerebellar lesions result in

A

inability to perform smooth, directed movements

44
Q

cerebellar lesions result in

A

unilateral deficit

45
Q

what is dominant component of cerebellum

A

neocerebellum

lateral portion of posterior lobe

46
Q

neocerebeullum post lesion inability to

A

fine motor skill deficit-play instruments

dysarthria

47
Q

paleo cerebellum lesions in felions

A

increase antigravity muscle tone

48
Q

function of paleo cerebeullum

A

smooths/coordinates movement
lesions-incoordination nonsmooth movements
-intention tremor, dysmetria,dysdiodochokinesia, ataxia, pendular phasic stretch reflexes of lower limbs

49
Q

lesions of vestibulo/archi cerebellum

A

inappropriate saccades

inability to stand upright

50
Q

cerebellum is a___ level processor and modulates ___

A

mid

ongoing motor activity

51
Q

output of cerebellum

A

thalamus and motor cortex
pontine nuclei
motor cortex, basal ganglia, reticular formation

52
Q

cerebellum functions as

A

high level comparator

neurophys (8 decks)

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