Atoms and Ions

Question 1

What are atoms composed of?

Answer 1

A nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons

Question 2

What does the mass number represent?

Answer 2

Number of protons plus number of neutrons

Question 3

What does the atomic number represent?

Answer 3

Number of protons (number of protons and electrons are the same)

Question 4

Why is the number of electrons ignored?

Answer 4

Because they’re tiny

Question 5

What is an isotope?

Answer 5

An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons

Question 6

What is the relative atomic mass?

Answer 6

The weighted average mass of all the isotopes of an element

Question 7

What is the formula of relative atomic mass?

Answer 7

SUM(Isotope mass x isotope abundance) / 100

Question 8

What is the relative mass and the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 8

1 and +1

Question 9

What is the relative mass and the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 9

1/2000 and -1

Question 10

What is the relative mass and the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 10

1 and 0

Question 11

What is an electron?

Answer 11

Negatively charged particles

Question 12

Why are electrons important?

Answer 12

Because they take part in bonding

Question 13

What does the number of electrons in the outer shell show?

Answer 13

Which group in the periodic table

Question 14

What are group 8 elements in the periodic table?

Answer 14

Stable atoms, therefore very unreactive

Question 15

Give an example of a diatomic molecule

Answer 15

Oxygen (O2)

Question 16

Why do ions form?

Answer 16

To gain or lose the electrons they need to become stable

Question 17

What happens when a metal bonds to a non metal?

Answer 17

Electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non metal atoms. The metal ions have an overall positive charge

Question 18

What do ions have the same electronic structure as?

Answer 18

The nearest noble gas

Question 19

Why do group 1 metals have a charge of +1?

Answer 19

Because they have one outer electron to lose

Question 20

What is the ion for hydroxide?

Answer 20

OH-

Question 21

What is the ion for nitrate?

Answer 21

NO3-

Question 22

What is the ion for sulphate?

Answer 22

(SO4)2-

Question 23

What is the ion for carbonate?

Answer 23

(CO3)2-

Question 24

How is the formula for a compound worked out?

Answer 24

Total positive charge must equal the total negative charge.

Question 25

Example: what is the formula of magnesium chloride?

Answer 25

MgCl2