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Environmental Science > Community Ecology > Flashcards

Community Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

consists of all species living together in a locality (producers, consumers, decomposers)

A

Community

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2
Q

mature & stable community

A

Climax community

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3
Q

group of organisms that becomes established in an environment not previously occupied by any life form

A

Pioneer community

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4
Q

no 2 organisms can occupy the same niche at the same place for a longer period of time

A

Competitive Exclusion Principle

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5
Q

basic fundamental unit of ecology & includes organisms, populations, communities

A

Ecosystem

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6
Q

characteristics of a community

A
  • Dominance
  • Niche
  • Structure
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7
Q

highest biomass, occupy most spaces, largest contribution to flow of energy, exerts influence

A

Dominance

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8
Q

place where organisms live

A

Niche

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9
Q

role of a species in an environment

A

Ecological niche

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10
Q

different stratification into layers of a community

A

Structure

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11
Q

layers of forest community

A
  • Canopy
  • Understorey
  • Herb layer
  • Forest floor
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12
Q

consists of tall trees

A

Canopy

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13
Q

consists of tall shrubs

A

Understorey

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14
Q

plants shorter than shrubs, depends largely on soil condition, slope & moisture

A

Herb layer

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15
Q

leaves, branches, dead plants & animals and other matter fallen on the ground

A

Forest floor

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16
Q

lake stratification

A
  • Littoral zone
  • Limnetic zone
  • Profundal zone
17
Q

shallow water around the lake occupied by rooted vegetation (water lilies, algae, large snails, insects)

A

Littoral zone

18
Q

top layer with the greatest amount of light & numerous phytoplanktons & zooplanktons, light can penetrate

A

Limnetic zone

19
Q

deep and dark bottom populated by worms & larvae of insects, worms, crustaceans & decomposers

A

Profundal zone

20
Q

sea or ocean layers

A
  • Littoral zone
  • Neritic zone
  • Intertidal zone
  • Supratidal zone
  • Pelagic zone
  • Subtidal zone
  • Abyssal zone
21
Q

total number of species in a community

A

Species diversity

22
Q

having a large variety of organisms

A

Diverse community

23
Q

factors affecting species diversity

A 
Geologic history
Climatic stability
Productivity
Resource diversity
Predaton and competition
24
Q

area with high species diversity between 2 ecosystems

A

Ecotone

25
Q

increased diversity of ecotone

A

Edge effect

26
Q

events in the past may result to a more diversified area

A

Geologic history

27
Q

areas where climate is more uniform and stable tend to have higher species diversity

A

Climatic stability

28
Q

areas with higher productivity (for photosynthesis) tend to have higher species diversity

A

Productivity

29
Q

diverse or more varied area is better because of different required environmental conditions

A

Resource diversity

30
Q

in some cases, species diversity has been increased due to predators

A

Predation and competition

31
Q

ability of the community to maintain its normal conditions despite changes in the environment

A

Stability

32
Q

ability of the community to resist change despite disturbances

A

Resistance stability

33
Q

ability of the organisms to recover/return to its original conditions after its disturbance

A

Resilience stability

34
Q

when is an ecosystem stable

A
  • More/less of the same species each year
  • More/less constant number of species
  • Same population size of species each year
35
Q

factors that affect/influence

A
  • Growth factors

- Reduction factors

36
Q

growth factors

A
  • Organisms to reproduce
  • Adapt to environmental change
  • To migrate to other habitats
  • Compete with other organisms
  • To find food
37
Q

reduction factors

A
  • Predators
  • Parasites
  • Competitors
  • Inability to find food
  • Inability to hide
38
Q

the idea if given the choice, any organism will do things the easy way

A

Principle of Least Effort

Environmental Science (3 decks)

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