Topic 2 - Periodic Table arrangement

Question 1

The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing

Answer 1

ATOMIC NUMBER​

Question 2

The columns of the periodic table are called

Answer 2

groups

Question 3

The rows of the periodic table are called

Answer 3

periods

Question 4

Elements with similar … are found in the same colum

Answer 4

PROPERTIES

Question 5

The row an element is found in indicates the number of … in atoms of that element​

Answer 5

ELECTRON SHELLS

Question 6

The column an element is found in indicates the number of … in atoms of that element

Answer 6

OUTER SHELL ELECTRONS

Question 7

Period 1​

Answer 7

Only contains Hydrogen and Helium​

Fills the 1s orbital​

Helium has a full electron shell and is therefore unreactive​

Hydrogen has only one electron and can gain or lose it to form positive or negative ions, or can undergo covalent bonding with other non-metals​

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe

Question 8

Period 2 – Lithium to Neon​

Answer 8

Contains 8 elements​

Fills the 2s and 2p orbitals​

Lithium and beryllium are reactive metals which form alkalis in water​

Carbon has a giant molecular structure which can be diamond, graphite, graphene or fullerene​

Nitrogen, Oxygen and fluorine are all diatomic molecules​
Neon is a noble gas with full electron shells and is therefore unreactive

Question 9

Period 3 – Sodium to Argon

Answer 9

Contains 8 elements​

Fills the 3s and 3p orbitals​

3 metals which form positive ions​
3 non-metals which form negative ions​

Argon is a noble gas so is unreactive

Question 10

Period 4 – Potassium to Krypton

Answer 10

Contains 18 elements​

Fills the 4s, 4p and 3d orbitals​

Includes the first row of the transition metals (d block)

Question 11

Periodic Table blocks

Answer 11

Element blocks are named for the orbital occupied by the highest energy electrons the elements contain​

Group 1 and 2 make up the s-block (they have their outer electrons in the 1s, 2s, 3s etc orbitals)​

Groups 3-7 and 0 make up the p-block (they have their outer electrons in the p-orbitals). This block contains all the non-metals apart from Hydrogen and Helium
​
The transition metals make up the d-block​

Question 12

Recap – Electron structures​

Answer 12

Electrons fill the lowest energy shells first (Aufbau principle)​

The closer the shell is to the nucleus, the lower the energy​
So electrons fill from the nucleus out.​
​
Electrons repel each other as they have the same charge so they will occupy different sub-shells within an orbital if possible​