Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Flashcards
What is Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial development based on?
- Each stage of human development has its own characteristic crisis
- These crises are considered psychosocial because they involve psychological needs of the individual (psycho) conflicting with the needs of society (social)
- Success in coping well with each crisis prepares the individual to cope well with the next, resulting in a healthy personality and acquisition of basic virtures
- basic virtues - characteristics strengths wihich the ego can use to resolve to subsequent cries
- failture to cope with the crisis successfully results in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore result in a more unhealthy personality and sense of self
How many stages are there in Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development?
8 stages
- 5 from birth to 18 years old
- 3 in adulthood
What is the 1st stage in Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development?
- what is the crisis?
- at which age does it occur?
- what is the important event?
- what is the virtue?
- explain in general what happens
STAGE 1
- Crisis: Trust vs Mistrust
- occurs in Infancy
- Ages from birth to 1 year
- Important event: Feeding
- Virtue: Hope
/The focus is developing trust with immediate environment - parents and caretakers
/Primary activity that facilitates feeding process - creates close bond
/Experience adequate care and affection - develop proper sense of hope
/Lack of care and affection - distrusting and critical of developing close relationships in later years
What is the 2nd stage in Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development?
- what is the crisis?
- at which age does it occur?
- what is the important event?
- what is the virtue?
- explain in general what happens
STAGE 2
- Crisis: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
- occurs in Early childhood
- Ages from 2-3 years old
- Important event: Toilet training
- Virtue: Will
/Child tries to attain sense of independence and control of things
/Subsequently develops good sense of will and determination
/Future - helps him to take charge of things more confidently
/No sense of autonomy from toilet training - fail to capture sense of independence and control of things
What is the 3rd stage in Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development?
- what is the crisis?
- at which age does it occur?
- what is the important event?
- what is the virtue?
- explain in general what happens
STAGE 3
- Crisis: Initiative vs Guilt
- occurs in Play Age
- Ages from 4-6 years old
- Important event: Exploration
- Virtue: Purpose
/Children starts exploring environment
/Take more active control over choices
/Good experience: adequate sense of purpose
/Good to: Encourage and facilitate exploration with adequate parameters which would avoid excessive guilt and disappointment from disapprovals
What is the 4th stage in Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development?
- what is the crisis?
- at which age does it occur?
- what is the important event?
- what is the virtue?
- explain in general what happens
STAGE 4
- Crisis: Industry vs Inferiority
- occurs in School Age
- Ages from 7-12 years old
- Important event: School
- Virtue: Competency
/Focuses on developing a sense of personal pride and accomplishment
/Success here leads to a sense of competence
What is the 5th stage in Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development?
- what is the crisis?
- at which age does it occur?
- what is the important event?
- what is the virtue?
- explain in general what happens
STAGE 5
- Crisis: Identity vs Confusion
- occurs in Adolescence
- Ages from 13-18 years old
- Important event: Social Relationships
- Virtue: Fidelity
/ Personal time of exploration
/Forge healthy identity = a sense of fidelity
/Does not complete this stage well - confused about role and place in life
What is the 6th stage in Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development?
- what is the crisis?
- at which age does it occur?
- what is the important event?
- what is the virtue?
- explain in general what happens
STAGE 6
- Crisis: Intimacy vs Isolation
- occurs in Early Adulthood
- Ages from 18-40 years old
- Important event: Relationships
- Virtue: Love
/All about forging healthy relationships with others
/Success = ability to form committed, lasting and nurturing relationships with others
What is the 8th stage in Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development?
- what is the crisis?
- at which age does it occur?
- what is the important event?
- what is the virtue?
- explain in general what happens
STAGE 3
- Crisis: Generativity vs Stagnation
- occurs in Middle adulthood
- Ages from 40-65 years old
- Important event: Work and Parenthood
- Virtue: Care
/Concerned with contributing something to society and leaving their mark in the world
- Two key activities that contribute to success here:
1. Raising a Family
2. Having a Career
What is the 8th stage in Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development?
- what is the crisis?
- at which age does it occur?
- what is the important event?
- what is the virtue?
- explain in general what happens
STAGE 8
- Crisis: Integrity vs Despair
- occurs in Maturity
- Ages above 65 years old
- Important event: Reflection on life
- Virtue: Wisdom
/Final stage - late adulthood
/Reflecting back on life
- Look back and feel sense of satisfaction: Develop sense of integrity and wisdom
/Those left with regrets: Experience bitterness and despair
