Pestana: orthopedics

Question 1

legg calve perthes disease AKA

Answer 1

avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis

Question 2

varus legs is normal until age

Answer 2

3

Question 3

valgus is normal between which ages

Answer 3

4-8

Question 4

supracondylar fractures of the humerus occur when… and are bad because…

Answer 4

when fall on arm and hyperextend elbow (child)

–>vascular or nerve injuries –> volkmann contracture

Question 5

most common primary malignant bone tumor

Answer 5

osteogenic sarcoma of knee/upper tibia (sunburst pattern on xray)

Question 6

age or osteogenic sarcoma

Answer 6

10-25

Question 7

ewing sarcoma: epidemiology, age, location, xray

Answer 7

2nd most common

5-15 age

diaphyses of long bones

onion skinning

Question 8

where do soft tissue sarcomas metastasize to?

Answer 8

lungs, not lymph nodes!

Question 9

closed reduction vs open reduction

Answer 9

closed: external manipulation to align broken bone
open: surgical intervention to fix fracture

Question 10

clavicle fracture treatment

Answer 10

figure of 8 device that aligns bone

or sling

Question 11

most common shoulder dislocation

Answer 11

anterior

Question 12

signs of anterior dislocation

Answer 12

hold arm close to body but rotated outward (like shaking hands)

Question 13

signs of posterior dislocation

Answer 13

arm close and internally rotated

Question 14

colles fracture happens from

Answer 14

fall on outstretched hand in old osteoporotic women

Question 15

monteggia fracture happens from

Answer 15

direct blow to ulna—> diaphyseal fracture of proximal ulna with anterior dislocation of radial head

Question 16

galeazzi fracture

Answer 16

distal third of radius gets direct blow–> dorsal dislocation of distal radioulnar joint

Question 17

which bone in hand fractured with fall on outstretched hand

Answer 17

scaphoid

Question 18

how does affected leg look like in hip fracture

Answer 18

shortened and externally rotated

Question 19

what to worry about with femoral head fracture? and how to treat

Answer 19

blood supply to femoral head- avascular necrosis

treat with prosthesis

Question 20

how to treat femoral shaft fracture

Answer 20

intramedullary rod fixation

prevent shock

Question 21

best imaging for meniscal tears

Answer 21

MRI

Question 22

presentation of mensical tear

Answer 22

protracted pain and swelling

catching and locking- click when extended

Question 23

treat tibial stress fractures (from forced marches)

Answer 23

cast and repeat xray in 2 weeks

Question 24

compartment syndrome most occurs where

Answer 24

forearm

lower leg

Question 25

most reliable physical finding of compartment syndrome

Answer 25

excruciating pain with passive extension

Question 26

if open fracture, what do you do

Answer 26

clean in OR

Question 27

what does affected leg look like in posterior dislocation of hip

Answer 27

shortened, internally rotated

emergency to avoid avascular necrosis

Question 28

when do signs of gas gangrene pop up

Answer 28

3 days toxic looking

Question 29

what is this: woman wakes up in middle of night with finger flexed and unable to extend until a “snap”

and treatment?

Answer 29

trigger finger

give steroids

Question 30

de quervian tenosynovitis seen in which situation and treated with what

Answer 30

young mothers holding their babies

pain along radial side of wrist and first dorsal compartment

treat- steroids

Question 31

dupuytren contracture seen in which population and presentation

Answer 31

older Norwegian men

contracture of palm, palmar fascial nodules

Question 32

what is felon

Answer 32

abscess (pain, fever) in the pulp of fingertip caused by neglected penetrating injury

Question 33

gamekeeper thumb

Answer 33

injry to ulnar collateral ligament by forced hyperextension of thumb

Question 34

jersey finger

Answer 34

injury to flexor tendon when finger forcefully extended (grabbing someone by the jersey)

cant flex in a fist

Question 35

mallet finger

Answer 35

extended finger forcefully flexed–> rupture of extensor tendon

looks like a mallet? volleyball injury

Question 36

workup for ulcers from arterial unsufficiency begin where?

Answer 36

doppler studies looking for pressure gradients

Question 37

veous stasis ulcers develop in

Answer 37

chronically edematous, indurated, hyperpigmented skin above medial malleolus

Question 38

marjolin ulcer

Answer 38

squamous cell carcinoma of skin in chronic leg ulcer

Question 39

plantar fascitis presentation

Answer 39

old overweight patient

disabling sharp heel pain every time strikes ground

worse in morning

Question 40

morton neuroma

Answer 40

inflammation of common digital nerve between 3rd and 4th toes

caused by heels that force toes together