Introduction/Molecules, Cells and Model Organisms (Lecture 1)

Question 1

True or False: Modern cell theory states that all living things are made up of one or more cells.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False: Modern cell theory states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells by divisions (contain hereditary info).

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False: Modern cell theory states that membrane is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.

Answer 3

False, the cell is is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms

Question 4

True or False: All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False: Cell activity does not always on subcellular structures inside the cells.

Answer 5

False, they do (organelles, membranes, enzymes, etc)

Question 6

True or False: All biological systems are composed of cells containing the same types of chemical molecules and employing similar principles of organization at the cellular level

Answer 6

True

Question 7

All living things share a ______.

Answer 7

Common ancestor

Question 8

Order these in chronological form starting from earliest to latest:
First life arises
Homosapiens
Eukaryotes
Multicellular life

Answer 8

First life, multicellular life, eukaryotes, homosapiens

Question 9

True or False: Cells com in all shapes and sizes.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What are the five features that all cells share in common?

Answer 10

Contain hereditary information (DNA)
Plasma membrane(s)
—Enzymes (proteins) catalyze reactions
Energy molecules (ATP)
Small molecules
—     Only L-forms of amino acids —     Only D-forms of sugars

Question 11

______ is the most common molecule used by cells to capture, store, and transfer energy.

Answer 11

ATP

Question 12

What are the four reasons that cells differ in some features?

Answer 12

Morphology
Ability to Move
Specific Metabolic Activities
Internal Organization 
     - prokaryotes
     - eukaryotes

Question 13

True or False: Prokaryotes have internal membrane compartments.

Answer 13

False, they do not

Question 14

What classification(s) does prokaryotes include (ie, bacteria).

Answer 14

bacteria, archaea and therefore they are not a monophyletic group

Question 15

True or False: Prokaryotes generally smaller genomes relative to eukaryotes.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False:Eukaryota is a monophyletic group.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

In Eukaryotes, the processes of transcription and translation are separated by the ______.

Answer 17

Nuclear envelope

Question 18

True or False: Small molecules and ions can passively diffuse through nuclear pores, but large proteins and RNA require active transport.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

The ______ is a series of interconnected organelles, that communicate with one another.

Answer 19

Endomembrane system

Question 20

What are three examples of complex vesicular trafficking?

Answer 20

Endocytosis

Phagocytosis (large insoluble extracellular material can be taken into a phagosome and delivered to a lysosome)

Autophagy (intracellular material and damaged organelles can be engulfed by ER membrane)

Question 21

Why is it important that there is similarity across biological systems in retrospect to model organisms?

Answer 21

Informative for understanding fundamental cellular processes