Orbits

Question 1

Modality used to evaluate orbits

Answer 1

CT scan

Question 2

Space defined as being outside the cone formed by the extraocular muscles

Answer 2

Extraconal space

Question 3

Space defined as being inside the cone formed by the extraocular muscles

Answer 3

Intraconal space

Question 4

Retinoblastoma is clinically presented as?

Answer 4

Leukokoria

Question 5

Most common tumor of globe in childhood

Answer 5

Retinoblastoma

Question 6

Most common cause of orbital calcification

Answer 6

Intraocular mass with calcifications

Question 7

Types of retinablastoma based on number globes affected with other sites affected

Answer 7

Unilateral -75%
Bilateral -25%
Trilateral= bilateral + pinealoma
Quadrilateral= bilateral + pinealoma + 4th focus in suprasellar cistern

Question 8

It is typical for retinablastoma

Answer 8

Orbital calcification

Question 9

Primary orbital bone tumor that makes up 0.6-2.0% of all tumors of the orbit

Answer 9

Osteosarcoma of the orbit

Question 10

It is an example of extraconal lesion

Answer 10

Osteosarcoma of the orbit

Question 11

This can be seen on CT scan associated with aggressively occurring lesion

Answer 11

Sunburst appearance

Question 12

Also known as end-stage eye. It is usually a result of several ocular insults

Answer 12

Phthisis bulbi

Question 13

In the elderly population, phthisis bulbi is the most common cause of what?

Answer 13

Intraocular calcification

Question 14

It drains blood from the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

Answer 14

Cavernous sinus

Question 15

Cavernous sinus is connected to the transverse sinus by what sinus?

Answer 15

Superior petrosal sinus

Question 16

Cavernous sinus is connected to the jugular bulb by what sinus?

Answer 16

Inferior petrosal sinus

Question 17

Pressure in the cavernous sinus is?

Answer 17

0mmHg

Question 18

It is a fistulous connection between the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus. This is most commonly secondary to trauma resulting to tear in the artery.

Answer 18

Caroticocavernous fistula

Question 19

Pathogenesis of caroticocavernous fistula

Answer 19

Abnormal flow from the high pressure internal carotid artery onto the low pressure cavernous sinus. Because of increased pressure in the sinus, there is a REVERSAL of flow in the OPHTHALMIC VEINS, predominantly in the SUPERIOR OPHTHALMIC VEIN (resulting to proptosis and other clinical symptoms).

Question 20

What is Huber’s maneuver?

Answer 20

Vertebral angiogram + carotid artery compression

Question 21

Tool used in conjunction with coil embolization

Answer 21

Sapphire angioplasty balloon

Question 22

Coil used in embolization

Answer 22

Guglielmi detachable coil