Muscle

Question 1

function

Answer 1

generation of force

• movement
• structural support
• glands
• physio

Question 2

tissue metabolism

Answer 2

contraction is ATP-dependent
highly metabolic –> lots of mitochondria
nutrient supply via blood vessels

Question 3

tissue types

Answer 3

striated (skeletal/cardiac)

smooth

Question 4

myoepithelial

Answer 4

glands

Question 5

myofibroblast

Answer 5

scar tissue

Question 6

pericytes

Answer 6

blood vessels

Question 7

skeletal muscle

Answer 7

voluntary, moves skeleton and organs

Question 8

organization of skeletal muscle

Answer 8

muscle –> surrounded by epimysium
fascicles –> surrounded by perimysium
multinucleate cell = fiber –> surrounded by endomysium
surrounded by fascicles is sarcolemma
sarcoplasm surrounds the area between myofibrils
each muscle fiber divided into bundles of myofibrils and filaments

Question 9

cross section of skeletal muscle

Answer 9

polygonal
speckled
bundles (fascicles)
peripheral neurons

Question 10

longitudinal section of skeletal

Answer 10

long
stritated
peripheral nuclei
unbranched

Question 11

what causes striations in muscle fibers

Answer 11

sarcomeres
Z line = junction (middle of I)
M line = middle (middle of A, H)
A band = actin + myosin (dark band)
H band = myosin (lighter area in middle of A, surrounding M line)
I band = actin (light band)

Question 12

what is the myofibril contractile unit

Answer 12

sarcomere

Question 13

what is a sarcomere made of

Answer 13

myosin + actin

Question 14

how is skeletal muscle contraction regulated?

Answer 14

fiber twitch rate determined by nerve output (each type has own neural output)
“convergence” - one nerve, many muscle fibers
motor end plate = modified synapse

Question 15

cardiac muscle structure

Answer 15

striated
branched
1-2 nuclei/cell
highly vascularized
intercalated disks
many mitochondria

Question 16

intercalated disks

Answer 16

fascia adherens

consist of desmosome and gap junction

Question 17

smooth muscle

Answer 17

NOT striated
central nucleus (speckled)
fusiform fibers
appears smooth
few blood vessels
central elongate nucleus
thicccccc

Question 18

which muscles regenerate

Answer 18

skeletal and smooth

Question 19

what muscle types have sarcomeres

Answer 19

skeletal + cardiac

Question 20

what are the types of specialised muscle cells?

Answer 20

pericytes (blood vessles)
myoepithelial (expends contents of glands
myofibrobalast (scars)