Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CD 660 Exam 1 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Spastic dysarthria is due to what type of damage?

A

UMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the underlying characteristics underlying spastic dysarthria?

A

spasticity and weakness (reduces range and force of movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

spastic dysarthria is caused by unilateral or bilateral damage? And this is damage to what?

A
  • Bilateral

- Direct and indirect pathways of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Spastic dysarthria may manifest in what components of speech?

A
  • respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which is milder UUMN or spastic dysarthria?

A

UUMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Unilateral or Bilateral Damage:
Spastic dysarthria is due to?
UUMN is due to?

A
  • Bilateral damage

- Unilateral damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main difference in damage when comparing UUMN to spastic dysarthria?

A

UUMN is unilateral UMN damage

Spastic dysarthria is bilateral UMN damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Motor impairment after an internal capsule lesion can be significant. Why?

A

Because descending fibers are closely packed at this level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spasticity is believed to be due damage to _______ that travel alongside the _____ and ______ _____

A
  • Indirect activation pathways

- corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cranial nerve nuclei is aka

A

LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indirect Pathways:
Where do they originate?
Where do they synapse?
where do they terminate?

A
  • in the cortex
  • on nuclei in the brainstem
  • cranial nerve nuclei (LMN)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functions of indirect activation pathways?

A

regulates reflexes and maintains posture and muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Damage to Indirect pathways result in what?

What are the effect of damage?

A
  • Spastic dysarthria or UUMN

- hyperreflexia and spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the confirmatory signs of spastic dysarthria? (4)

A
  • spasticity
  • hyperreflexia
  • pathological oral reflexes
  • emotional lability (continuous change or breakdown)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What speech subsystems tend to be involved in spastic dysarthria?

A

All of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In left hemisphere lesions, what disorders may mask the presence of UUMN dysarthria?

A

Aphasia and Apraxia of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the confirmatory non-speech signs of spastic dysarthria?

A
  • unilateral lower facial weakness

- unilateral tongue weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the distinctive speech characteristics of spastic dysarthria?

A

slowness of speech and strained-harsh vocal quality

19
Q

What are the characteristic speech signs in UUMN dysarthria?

A

mildness of deficits and articulation imprecision

20
Q

Ataxic dysarthria is due to damage to what?

A

Cerebellum or cerebellar control circuits

21
Q

Speech characteristics in ataxic dysarthria are primarily due to what?

A

Impaired coordination

22
Q

What would you expect on an oral motor exam with an individual with ataxic dysarthria?

A

They may have a normal oral mech exam

23
Q

Cerebellar symptoms are unilateral, contralateral, or ipsilateral?

A

Ipsilateral

24
Q

What are the key speech characteristics of ataxic dysarthria?

A

irregular articulatory and prosodic errors

25
Q

Cerebellar lesions result in

A
  • hypotonocity
  • Errors in force, speed, timing, range and direction of movement
  • intention/kinetic tremor
26
Q

Hypokinetic dysarthria is due damage to what?

A

the basal ganglia and/or basal ganglia control circuits

27
Q

Damage to the basal ganglia generally results in what?

A

reduction of movement or dyskinesias

28
Q

What is the most common cause of hypokinetic dysarthria?

A

Parkinson’s disease

29
Q

Parkinson’s disease is the result of what and in what location?

A

degeneration of the dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra

30
Q

Parkinson’s is characterized by what? (4)

A
  • rigidity
  • reduced range of motion
  • difficulty initiating movements
  • resting tremors
31
Q

What are the non-speech signs of hypokinetic dysarthria?

A
  • mask-like, expressionless face
  • tremor/tremulousness of the lips
  • tongue and jaw at rest
  • normal strength
32
Q

What are the characteristic speech impairments with hypokinetic dysarthria?

A
  • hypophonia
  • reduced loudness
  • mono-loudness
  • fast speech rate
33
Q

Hyperkinetic dysarthria is due to damage to what?

A

the basal ganglia

34
Q

Hyperkinesia refers to what type of movement?

A

abnormal extra involuntary movements. They can be quickly or slowly produced

35
Q

What underlies or is the cause of speech impairments in hyperkinetic dysarthria?

A

hyperkinesias

36
Q

How are dyskinesias usually classified?

A

fast or slow

37
Q

What does an oral mechanism exam look like with someone with hyperkinetic dysarthria?

A

normal except for the presence of involuntary movements

38
Q

Hyperkinetic dysarthria dyskinesias: Tremor

Tremor can affect all the muscles of speech production, but most commonly affects what?

A

voice

39
Q

Huntington’s disease is characterized by what?

A

quick, choreic movements

40
Q

The speech of individuals with Huntington’s disease is characterized by what>

A
  • sudden voice arrests with with strained quality
  • irregular articulatory breakdowns
  • prosodic abnormalities
41
Q

Hyperkinetic dysarthria dyskinesias: dystonia
dystonic movements are what?
And what speech subsystems are affected?

A
  • slow and sustained

- can affect any speech subsystem

42
Q

There are dysarthrias that are due to a laryngeal dyskinesia. Which dyskinesia?

A

Dystonia

43
Q

What is adductor spasmodic dysphonia?

A

Intermittent strained vocal quality

44
Q

What is abductor spasmodic dysphonia?

A

Intermittent breathiness

CD 660 Exam 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions