Chapter 7

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

Interbreeding populations that evolve independently of others

Question 2

Morphospecies

Answer 2

Based on morphological similarities and differences

Question 3

Cryptic species

Answer 3

Similar in morphology but may be different in other ways

Question 4

Phylogenetic species concept

Answer 4

Monophyletic groups that contain all known descendants of a common ancestor

Question 5

Biological species concept

Answer 5

Based off of reproductive isolation

Question 6

Secondary contact

Answer 6

Reproductive isolation of two species that were originally one

Question 7

Allopatric model of isolation

Answer 7

Physical isolation creates a barrier to gene flow

Question 8

Vicariance

Answer 8

An existing habitat is physically separated

Question 9

Dispersal

Answer 9

Some individuals from one area head off to another

Question 10

Sympatric species

Answer 10

Those that overlap geographically, but differ in chromosome number

Question 11

Assortative mating

Answer 11

Choosing a mating partner with traits similar to your own

Question 12

Prezygotic isolation

Answer 12

Hybrid offspring are never formed, typically because mating did not happen

Question 13

Postzygotic isolation

Answer 13

Hybrid offspring suffer from inviability, sterility, or reduced fitness

Question 14

Reinforcement

Answer 14

Selection that reduces the frequency of hybrids

Question 15

Gametic isolation

Answer 15

Gametes from the same species are preferentially selected to produce zygotes

Question 16

Polyploid hybrid speciation

Answer 16

The hybrid offspring have increased ploidy, making them incapable of successfully mating with either parental species

Question 17

Homoploid hybrid speciation

Answer 17

Ploidy stays the same when producing a hybrid

Question 18

Adaptive radiation

Answer 18

When a new environment is exploited by some organisms, lots of new species form really fast