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PA Behavioral Medicine > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is empathy?

A

Active component of effective listening, the ability to momentarily experience the feelings of another

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2
Q

What are the two components of empathy?

A
  1. Transiently experience the feelings of another

2. Communicate that understanding to the patient

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3
Q

What is the biomedical model of care?

A

An approach to patient care in which only the biological and medical aspects are considered

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4
Q

What is the biopsychosocial model of care?

A

Comprehensive approach to patient care in which all aspects of a patient’s life are explored
Biological, psychological, and social

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5
Q

What are the 4 postulates of biopsychosocial illness?

A
  1. Major illnesses are influenced by all factors
  2. All factors influence the onset, course, and outcome of most illnesses
  3. More effective therapeutic interventions can be applied if all aspects are considered
  4. Providers must be able to establish connections with patients from all backgrounds
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6
Q

What is mindful practice?

A

Clinicians capacity for reflection, self monitoring and self awareness during clinical practice

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7
Q

What are the ways to cultivate mindfulness?

A 
Reflection
Priming
Active engagement
Think out loud
Practice
Praxis
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8
Q

How is praxis used to cultivate mindfulness?

A

Using and practicing mindfulness regularly so it becomes part of the routine

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9
Q

How is priming used to cultivate mindfulness?

A

Preparing for patient encounter

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10
Q

What is the major theory for understanding human behavior?

A

Psychoanalytic Psychology

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11
Q

What is unconscious topographical point of view?

A

Mental processes and content that are significant in determining behavior of which patient is unaware

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12
Q

What is the pleasure-unpleasure principle?

A

The tendency of the mind/behavior to move towards achieving pleasure and avoiding unpleasure

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13
Q

What is free association?

A

Method of psychoanalysis in which patient speaks freely about their mind

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14
Q

What is regression?

A

Return to a more childlike state of feeling or thinking from a mature state

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15
Q

What is fixation?

A

Arrest of the developmental process

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16
Q

What are the phases of psychosexual development?

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic

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17
Q

What does the oral phase consist of?

A

Lips, tongue, and mouth are primary areas of pleasure
Birth-18 months
Trust develops

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18
Q

What does the anal phase consist of?

A

18 months to 3 years
Anal and rectal mucosa are pleasurable
Aggression
“No” phase

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19
Q

What does the phallic phase consist of?

A

Age 3 - 6 years old
Penis and Clit are leading organ of pleasure
Oedipus complex
Penis env

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20
Q

What is theory of neurosis?

A

Mental disturbance involving abnormalities of thought, behavior, attitudes, and emotion

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21
Q

What is transference?

A

Unconsciously applying feelings, attitudes, and expectations from one’s childhood to current life

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22
Q

What is countertransference?

A

Displacement of feelings onto the patient by the provider

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23
Q

What are the goals of psychoanalysis?

A

Foster greatest change in personality structure as possible
Resolve symptoms
Some behavior change

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24
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Organism is taught to operate on its environment

Mouse pushes lever to get food

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25
Q

What is positive reinforcement for conditioning?

A

Praise when an act is completed

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26
Q

What is negative reinforcement for conditioning?

A

Performing an act removes a negative feeling

Taking medication removes NV

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27
Q

What is positive punishment conditioning?

A

Present a punisher when behavior is exhibited

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28
Q

What is negative punishment conditioning?

A

Removing a positive reinforce to decrease behavior (cancel apt if late)

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29
Q

What is extinction conditioning?

A

Decrease or eliminate a behavior by discontinuing reinforcement

30
Q

What are the two ways to develop a new behavior?

A

Shaping

Imitation

31
Q

Is continuous or intermittent reinforcement more resistant to extinction?

A

Intermittent reinforcement is more resistant to extinction

32
Q

What is the major principle of social cognitive theory?

A

Mutually causal relationship between behavior, personal factors, and environmental events

33
Q

Who is the foremost theorist/researcher for social learning/cognitive theory?

A

Albert Bandura

34
Q

What are the major contributions for social learning theory?

A

Modeling
Self regulation
Self-efficacy

35
Q

What is modeling for the social learning theory?

A

Highly efficient learning that occurs by observing others

36
Q

What are the 3 processes of self-regulation?

A

Self observation or monitoring
Judgement or self evaluation
Self reaction

37
Q

What is self-efficacy in social learning theory?

A

People’s judgement of their own capabilities to organize and execute a desired course of action

38
Q

What are the four things that affect human sexuality?

A

Genetics
Hormonal factors
Interpersonal background
Cultural background

39
Q

What is Klinefleter’s syndrome?

A

47 Chromosomes XXY

Testosterone deficiency, male body type develops but with infertility

40
Q

What is Turner’s syndrome?

A

45 Chromosomes XO
Short stature
Amenorrhea
Ovaries absent

41
Q

What is XYY chromosome syndrome?

A

XYY
Impulsiveness and aggressive behavior
Retardation
Tall stature

42
Q

What is female adrenogenital syndrome?

A

46 XX
Excessive fetal androgen present
External genitalia masculinized

43
Q

What is androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A

46 XY
Genetically male
External female genitalia develop

44
Q

What age do children become aware of gender identity?

A

Age 3

45
Q

What are the three systems involved in sexual response cycle?

A

Nervous
Vascular
Endocrine

46
Q

What are the two forms of stimuli that can elicit a sexual response?

A

Reflexogenic - tactile

Psychogenic - thoughts, fantasies, sights, sounds, and smells

47
Q

What are the 3 components that influence a person’s response to sexual stimulation?

A

Informational
Emotional
Imaginal

48
Q

What are the stages of the sexual response cycle?

A

Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution

49
Q

What are the 5 areas to address if sex problem presented?

A 
Explicit symptoms or questions
Onset and course of symptoms
Patient's perception of cause of problem
Medical evaluation
Current expectations and goals for treatment
50
Q

What medication is contraindicated in ED drugs?

A

Nitroglycerin

51
Q

What is the P-LI-SS-IT model?

A 
Guide to anxiety reduction for sexual intercourse
P = permission
LI = Limited Information
SS = Specific Suggestions
IT = Intensive Therapy
52
Q

What is the 4 step process to coming out?

A

Awareness of homosexual or transgender feelings
Testing and exploration
Identity acceptance
Identity integration and self disclosure

53
Q

What issues have a higher prevalence in the LGBT community?

A 
Depression
Suicide
Smoking
Substance abuse
Intimate partner violence
Minority stress
Victims of crime
54
Q

What are the five general rules for child development?

A

Development is similar for each individual
Development builds upon earlier learning
Development proceeds at an individual rate
Development is a lifelong process
The different areas of development are interrelated

55
Q

What are the three domains of development?

A

Physical
Cognitive
Emotional/Social

56
Q

What are the three important developmental theories?

A 
Attachment theory (Bowlby)
Psychosocial development (Erikson)
Cognitive development (Piaget)
57
Q

What does the attachment theory state?

A

Attachment is a strong emotional tie that promotes child’s sense of security

58
Q

What are the four functions of attachment?

A

Sense of security
Regulation of affect and arousal
Promote expression of feelings and communication
Serving as a bases for exploration

59
Q

How do insecure avoidant children act when their mother leaves?

A

Showed little attachment and didn’t give a fuck

60
Q

What are the maternal qualities of a insecure avoidant child?

A

Cold and hostile
Frequently ignored child
Rejects or punishes child for being in distress

61
Q

What traits do insecure avoidant have further in life?

A

Higher levels of hostility
Emotionally distant
More likely to be disciplined by their teachers
Generalize defenses towards other relationships

62
Q

How do secure children act when their mother leaves?

A

Showed distress when mother left
Explored room actively with little attachment behavior
Greeted mother positively when she returned

63
Q

What are the maternal qualities of a secure baby?

A

Responsive
Emotionally available
Loving
Consistent with needs of infant

64
Q

What traits do secure infants have later in life?

A

More confident
Flexible and resourceful
Capacity for empathy

65
Q

What is the key thing for insecure ambivalent?

A

Want the interaction but also don’t have the trust to feel relieved

66
Q

How do insecure ambivalent mothers act?

A

Inconsistently responsive to infant’s attachment behavior

67
Q

What are the stages of Jean Piaget’s cognitive development?

A

Sensorimotor - birth to 2 years
Peoperational - 2 to 7 years old
Concrete operational - 7 to 11 years
Formal operational - 12 through adulthood

68
Q

What is the psychosocial task of infants?

A

Figure out who to trust

69
Q

What is the cognitive task of infants?

A

Sensorimotor
Stranger anxiety
Object permanence

70
Q

What is the psychosocial task for toddlers?

A

Autonomy vs shame and self doubt

71
Q

What are the cognitive tasks for toddlers?

A

Object permanence

Stranger anxiety

72
Q

What are the 5 P’s of comfort?

A 
Parent
Prepapre
Place
Position
Positive atmosphere

PA Behavioral Medicine (3 decks)

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