B5 And B6

Question 1

What is health

Answer 1

Health is a state of mental well-being

Question 2

What is a major cause of ill health

Answer 2

Communicable diseases and non communicable diseases

Question 3

What are other factors of ill health

Answer 3

Diet
Stress
Life situations

Question 4

What can diseases that are infecting the same body do

Answer 4

They interact and work with each other making the health of the person much worse

Question 5

What microorganisms do communicable diseases come from

Answer 5

Pathogens:
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses 
Protists

Question 6

What do viruses and bacteria do that makes you feel ill

Answer 6

They reproduce
Viruses enter a cell and use its reproductive system to make lots of itself
Bacteria reproduce by themselves quite rapidly and as well as producing toxins that make you feel ill

Question 7

How are pathogens spread

Answer 7

Direct contact
Air
Water
Indirect contact

Question 8

What do you grow in petri dishes

Answer 8

Cultures of microorganisms

Question 9

To get the best result in petri dishes what do you need to do

Answer 9

Make sure all the equipment is sterile and uncontaminated

Question 10

What temperature do you incubate a petri dish at

Answer 10

25°c

Question 11

How quick does bacteria in the right conditions multiply

Answer 11

Every 20 minutes

Question 12

How can you investigate the effects of disinfectants and antibiotics on bacteria

Answer 12

By using agar plates and calculating the area of the clear areas in the places around the disinfectant or antibiotic

Question 13

How can you prevent the spreading of a disease

Answer 13

Hygiene
Destroying vectors
Isolating the infected
Vaccinations

Question 14

Measles virus

Answer 14

It is spread by droplet infection
It causes fever and a rash and can be fatal
There is no cure however isolation and vaccinations help stop it from being spread

Question 15

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Answer 15

Hiv initially seems like a flue
Without it being managed it can be developed into aids
It is spread through sexual contact
Needs to be managed as there is not cure

Question 16

Tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 16

Spread through contact and vectors
It damages leaves and reduces photo synthesis
Can be prevented by lest controll

Question 17

Salmonella (bacterial)

Answer 17

Spread through undercooked food and poor hygiene
Causes a fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea and vomiting from toxins created
Vaccinations are in place to stop the spread of the disease

Question 18

Gonorrhoea(bacterial)

Answer 18

a std
Cause discharge from the genital areas and pain also
Stop spreading use condoms and limit sexual partners.
Can be treated by antibiotics however is becoming resistant to them

Question 19

Rose black spot (fungal)

Answer 19

Spread in wind and water
It damages leaves so they drop off
Reduces photosynthesis.
Controlled by removing infected leaves and chemical sprays

Question 20

Malaria (protists)

Answer 20

Is spread by the bite of female mosquitos. It damages blood and liber cells, causes fevers and shaking, can be fatal.
Spreading is reduced by preventing vectors from breeding and by using mosquito nets to prevent being bitten at all

Question 21

Name the bodies lines of defence

Answer 21

Skin acts as a barrier
The nose has mucus to stop the entry
The stomach is acidic
The eyes tears are antiseptic

Question 22

What to white blood cells do

Answer 22

They ingest them and make antibodies and anti toxins to defend the body from them

Question 23

What is vaccination

Answer 23

small amounts of inactive pathogen are put into the body by injection
Antigens in the vaccine stimulate your white blood cells into making antibodies that will then destroy the virus without risk of the vaccinated catching the disease
You are then immune in the future to the pathogens as you now have the defences ready to respond rapidly to the disease coming back

Question 24

What is heard immunity

Answer 24

If a large percentage of the population is immune to a pathogen those who aren’t have less of a chance of catching it therefore the spread of the pathogen is reduced

Question 25

What do antibiotics do

Answer 25

Cure bacterial diseases by killing the pathogens inside your body
It has greatly reduced deaths from bacterial infections in the body

Question 26

What is happening from the over use of antibiotics

Answer 26

Some bacteria is becoming resistant to the antibiotics

Question 27

Why cant antibiotics cure viral diseases

Answer 27

Because they are in the body cells there isn’t yet a drug that can cure them without damaging the body cells

Question 28

How did we traditionally get drugs

Answer 28

They were extracted from plants for example digitalis

Question 29

Who discovered penicillin and how was penicillin discovered

Answer 29

Alexander Fleming

It was an accident from the penicillin mould created in his room when he left a petri dish out when he went on holiday

Question 30

What are new drugs tested on

Answer 30

Efficacy
Tissues
Live animals

Question 31

What is a double blind trial

Answer 31

Where the patients dont know who is getting the real drug and who’s getting the placebo and neither does the scientist know who is so then you can see if the drug worked on the patients that did get it with no bias