18. Embryo lung

Question 1

wt stage of lung development do 5 lobes form? other things that forms?

Answer 1

embryonic

pulmonary arteries

Question 2

wt stage consissts of lots of branching and formation of temrinal bronchioles?
wt else develops?

Answer 2

pseudoglandular

mucus glands

Question 3

wt stage does sufactant production begin?

wt else happens?

Answer 3

canalicular

endothelium thins –> gas exchange

Question 4

wt stage do type II pneuomocytes mature?

Answer 4

saccular

Question 5

hw does diabetes affect lung development?

Answer 5

dec surfactant production

saccular stage

Question 6

hw do glucocorticoids affect lung development?

name 1?

Answer 6

inc sufactant production
dec alveolar division and bronchial length

betamethasone

Question 7

how does reduced VEGF affect alveolar?

Answer 7

inc size

Question 8

#1 phospholipid in surfactant?
2 other components?

Answer 8

DPPC

protein
cholesterol

Question 9

Most abundant surfactant protein?

function?

Answer 9

SP A

opsonization of bact and fungi

Question 10

MOA of SP B?

result of deficiency?

Answer 10

fusogenic – enhances spread and stability of surfactant monolayer

RDS and death

Question 11

MOA of surfactant C?
2 complications of deficiency?
inheritance pattern?

Answer 11

hydrophobic – recruit phospholipids to lipid bilayer

interstitial pneumonitis, emphysema

AD

Question 12

MOA of SP D?

Answer 12

innate immunity for bact, fungi, virus

Question 13

wc surfactant is activated by SP B?

Answer 13

SP C

Question 14

wt week does surfactant start to increase a lot?

Answer 14

24 wk

Question 15

3 things increasing surfactant secretion?

Answer 15

Glucocorticoids (stress)
estrogen
thyroid hormone

Question 16

4 conditions using up surfactant?

Answer 16

aspiration
meconium
swallowed blood
pneumonia

Question 17

retinoic acid (vit A) effect on lung development

Answer 17

inc alverolarization

dec BPD

Question 18

testosterone affect on lung development?

Answer 18

slows lung development

Question 19

cause of transient tachpnea of newborn?

physiologic cause?

4 associations?

tx?

Answer 19

fialure of fetal lung fluid reabsorption

failure of Na Channel reversal

Males
C-section
umbilical cord prolapse
depressed new=born (sedation)

O2 nasal CPAP

Question 20

cause of RDS?

pysiocogic cause?

4 associations?

tx?

Answer 20

surfactant deficiency

SD -> alveolar colapse -> protein accumulation -> hyaline formaiton

prematurity
multiple gestation
diabetic mother
PDA

surfactant, NCPAP

Question 21

4 possible causes of congenital pneumonia?

4 associations?

tx?

Answer 21

E coli, GBS, blood, meconium

maternal fever
uterine tenderness
foul smelling amniotic fluid
membrane ruptures

antibiotics, NCPAP

Question 22

4 risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax?

tx?

Answer 22

difficult deliveries
large gestational age
PP ventilation
CT diseases

chest tube (avoid PPV)

Question 23

cause of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

X ray appearance?

cause of mortality?

initial therapy?

cure?

Answer 23

abnormal diaphragm formaiton

bowels on left side

pulmonary hypoplasia

mechanical ventilation
repogle to LIS

surgery

Question 24

newborn disease associated w sedation?

Answer 24

TTN

Question 25

xray appearance in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn?

Answer 25

frosted mug

Question 26

2 things that happen in alveolar stage?

Answer 26

inc epithelial cells

changes in pulmonary vasculature