Physiology 2

Question 1

secretion of solutes into the tubular fluid.

Answer 1

tubular secretion

Question 2

removal of water and solutes from the tubular fluid.

Answer 2

tubular reabsorption

Question 3

passage of fluid that resembles plasma through the glomerular capillaries into the renal tubules.

Answer 3

Glomerular filtration

Question 4

There are two types of epithelial transport across the renal tubules

Answer 4

cellular and paraceullar

Question 5

Then movement from the interstitial space to the peri-tubular capillaries occurs by

Answer 5

bulk flow

Question 6

Name 3 types of primary active pumprs

Answer 6

Na K pump, Ca ATPase, H ATPase

Question 7

Name secondary active symport

Answer 7

Na with either glucose or amino acids

Question 8

Name secondary active antiport

Answer 8

Na in exchange for K or H

Question 9

T or F, endocytosis is a type of active transport

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

Where does endocytosis occur in the nephrone?

Answer 10

small proteins and peptide hormones are reabsorbed in the proximal tubules

Question 11

Name particles that move paracelluarly

Answer 11

Cl (and other anions), K

Question 12

the maximum rate at which a substance can be actively transported.

Answer 12

transport maxium

Question 13

that maxium limit is due to

Answer 13

saturation of transporters

Question 14

T or F, Transport maximum exists nearly for every substance transported

Answer 14

false, acitvely transported

Question 15

The Tm OF glucose is

Answer 15

375 in men 300 in women

Question 16

How much sodium is filtered per day?

Answer 16

26000 mmol

Question 17

How much sodium is excreted in urine per day?

Answer 17

150 mmol

Question 18

percentage of Na reabsorbed

Answer 18

99.50%

Question 19

_____of Na is actively re-absorbed in proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).

Answer 19

60-70%

Question 20

_____of Na is actively reabsorbed in loop of Henli.

Answer 20

20-25%

Question 21

___of Na is reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting ducts.

Answer 21

<5%

Question 22

Different transport proteins are involved in the movement of Na+ across the basolateral membranes of renal tubular cells. T or F

Answer 22

false, apical membrane

Question 23

Allows for 90% of glucose reabsortopm in the upper part of the PCT

Answer 23

SGLT2

Question 24

mainly abundant in the intestine, allows 10% of Na glucose reabsotption in the late part of the PCT

Answer 24

SGLT1

Question 25

60-70% of WATER is ________re-absorbed in the _______

Answer 25

passively, PCT

Question 26

Na is transported ________ into the intersitital fluid thorugh the basolateral memrbance by _____________

Answer 26

actively, Na K ATPase

Question 27

Glucose, amino acids, lactate and phosphates are a) symported with na b)antiported with Na

Answer 27

a

Question 28

Name the 3 main apical transporters in the PCT

Answer 28

Na/glucose CT , Na/amino acids CT, Na/H exhcanger

Question 29

Name the main apical transporter in the thick ascending limb

Answer 29

Na K Cl CT

Question 30

Name the main apical transporter in the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 30

NaCl CT

Question 31

Name the main apical transpoerted in the collecting duct

Answer 31

Na channel (EnacC)

Question 32

Na K Atpase spits out and takes in how many Na and K

Answer 32

spirts out 3 Na, takes in 2K

Question 33

Whats the difference between the renal threshold for glucose and the maximum Tc

Answer 33

Figure it out….u should know this

Question 34

Whats the renal threshold for glucose in venous blood

Answer 34

180 mg/dl

Question 35

PAH is an organic acid that us used to measure

Answer 35

renal plasma flow (RPF)

Question 36

Which of these substances is normally found in the body? A) PAH b) creatinine c)inulin

Answer 36

b

Question 37

freely filtered and is actively secreted into the tubular fluid.

Answer 37

PAH

Question 38

In which part of the tubules is K secreted by prinicpal cells into the fluid

Answer 38

distal tubules

Question 39

IN the ___________the ____________secrete H and reabsorb K and HCO3

Answer 39

distal tubules and collecting ducts the intercaleted cells secrete

Question 40

IF ur blood is acidic as F, instead of ____ H is pumped out via

Answer 40

K , via the H K-ATPase

Question 41

If ur blood is acidic H is secreted in which part of the tubule….

Answer 41

collecting ducts

Question 42

Q1: The molecules movement from the interstitial space to the peritubular capillaries occurs by …?
(A) electrical gradient (B) magnetic gradient (C) starling’s force
(D) proton gradient

Answer 42

C

Question 43

Q2: The transport maximum for glucose is …?
(A) 200 mg/min in both male & women
(B) 370 mg/min in men & 300mg/min in women (C) 300 mg/min in men & 375 mg/min in women (D) 375 mg/min in men & 300 mg/min in women

Answer 43

D

Question 44

Q3: Which area in the tubules highly reabsorbs Na+?
(A) descending part of loop of henle (B) Distal tubule
(C) proximal tubule
(D) ascending part of loop of henle

Answer 44

C

Question 45

Q4: Mutation in the gene Na-K-2Cl transporter can cause …?
(A) Kidney failure
(B) Bartter syndrome
(C) Gitelman syndrome (D) elevation in Mg+ levels

Answer 45

B

Question 46

Q5: Na+ reabsorption in the collecting duct from the lumen into the cell happens through …?
(A) ENaC
(B) Na+/K+ ATPase (C) passive diffusion (D) facilitated diffusion

Answer 46

A

Question 47

Q6: Thiazides blocks which of the following transporters?
(A) ENaC
(B) Na+/K+ ATPase
(C) Na+ - Cl- transport
(D) Na+/K+/Cl- transporter

Answer 47

C

Question 48

Q7: A patient presented with glycosuria, plasma glucose concentration is expected to be … ?
(A) 180 mg/dl
(B) 100 mg/dl
(C) Higher than 180 mg/dl (D) Below 100 mg/dl

Answer 48

C

Question 49

Q8: PAH is used to measure which of the following?
(A) GFR
(B) urine output (C) proteins
(D) RPF

Answer 49

D