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Anatomy Lecture- Exam 1 > Test 1- Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Test 1- Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 stages does interphase include?

A

G1: growth, S: DNA replication and G2: growth

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2
Q

what does bulk filtration occur with?

A

small molecules and water

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3
Q

what is cytokinesis?

A

division of cytoplasm

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4
Q

what is simple diffusion?

A

The movement of a solute from high to low concentration

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5
Q

what are gap junctions?

A

pores that connect neighboring cells’ cytoplasm

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6
Q

Where are tight junctions found?

A

they encircle near the apical end.

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7
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

epithelial, connective, muscle. nervous

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8
Q

What is the purpose of gap junctions?

A

They allow quick communication between cells

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9
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Movement of large substances into the cell in a transport vesicle

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10
Q

What does simple mean when it comes to tissues?

A

A single layer

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11
Q

what is interphase?

A

maintenance and growth stage

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12
Q

what is mitosis?

A

division of nucleus

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13
Q

what is the glycocalyx?

A

external carbohydrate coat

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14
Q

lysosomes function

A

breakdown of intercellular debris

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15
Q

chromatin function

A

uncoiled chromosomes in nucleus and associated proteins

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16
Q

What do desmosomes do?

A

they are buttons between cells (they hold together)

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17
Q

What are the four types of intercellular junctions?

A

tight junctions, adhering junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions

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18
Q

what is innervation?

A

connected to nerve endings

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19
Q

what are the two types of endocytosis?

A

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

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20
Q

what is the movement of molecules in passive transport?

A

high concentration to low concentration

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21
Q

Which way to molecules move in active transport?

A

Low to high concentration

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22
Q

mitochondria function

A

energy production

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23
Q

What does osmosis occur with?

A

water

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24
Q

what does facilitated diffusion occur with?

A

large and/or polar molecules

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25
Q

what are organelles?

A

Little organs with specific functions

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26
Q

peroxisomes

A

contains catalase and oxidative enzymes that breakdown lipids and other toxic substances by converting them into hydrogen peroxide and then breaking them down into water and oxygen

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27
Q

what is membrane transport?

A

allows nutrients, waste, water in and out of the cell in a controlled manner

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28
Q

what is the cytoplasm?

A

all materials between the membrane and nucleus

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29
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

the movement of large substances OUT of the cell into a transport vesicle

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30
Q

what is osmosis?

A

the movement of water from high to low concentration

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31
Q

what are the two types of membrane transport?

A

passive and active transport

32
Q

what phase is 90% of a cell’s life?

A

interphase

33
Q

Centrioles function

A

organize the spindle microtubules that attach to chromosomes during mitosis

34
Q

What does stratified mean when it comes to tissues?

A

Multiple layers

35
Q

What is cyotosol?

A

The viscous (jelly like) fluid containing dissolved substances

36
Q

what does the mitotic phase include?

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

37
Q

What is the criteria for classifying tissues?

A

The number of layers and the shape

38
Q

ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

39
Q

nucleolus

A

synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes in nucleus

40
Q

what does active transport require?

A

energy (ATP) and a transporter protein

41
Q

what is regeneration?

A

high mitotic activity. This happens because the apical surface is exposed to the environment so it gets damaged easily.

42
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

external and internal lining of boy surfaces, cavities, and organs

43
Q

what are tight junctions considered?

A

the gatekeepers between internal and external environment

44
Q

What are the four functions of epithelial tissue?

A

protection, selective permeability, secretion, sensation

45
Q

does passive transport require energy?

A

No.

46
Q

what is tissue?

A

group of cells performing similar functions

47
Q

Rough ER function

A

synthesizes proteins meant for cell membrane

48
Q

what do adhering junctions do?

A

they contain microfilaments that stabilize the apical surface

49
Q

what are the functions of the glycocalyx? (3)

A

adhesion, barrier, recognition

50
Q

What are cells composed of?

A

cells and extracellular matrix

51
Q

What do tight junctions do?

A

they prevent substances from traveling between cells, so they must go through the cell to be regulated.

52
Q

what is bulk filtration?

A

movement across membrane due to HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (water pressure)

53
Q

what are epithelial tissue’s characteristics?

A

composed almost entirely of cells, has an apical and basal surface, a basement membrane, lacks blood vessels, connected to nerve endings, and high mitotic activity

54
Q

phagocytosis

A

projects pseudopods and engulfs particles (cell eating)

55
Q

what are inclusions and example?

A

large aggregates of specific molecules

Ex. a reserve of glycogen in the liver

56
Q

What is the extracellular matrix?

A

substance produced by cell, located outside (protein fibers, salts, water)

57
Q

what is a solute?

A

anything that gets dissolved into a solution

58
Q

what are the two types of organelles?

A

membrane bound and non membrane bound

59
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

a transporter protein decides the movement from a high to low concentration

60
Q

What does the cytoplasm include?

A

cytosol, inclusions, and organelles

61
Q

What is the mitotic phase?

A

Cell dividing to form to genetically identical cells

62
Q

what does simple diffusion occur with?

A

small and non polar molecules

63
Q

golgi apparatus function

A

receives proteins from rough ER and then modifies, packages, and sorts them to go to other organelles or the plasma membrane

64
Q

plasma membrane

A

selectively permeable barrier between intercellular and extracellular environments

65
Q

what are the four types of passive transport?

A

simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and bulk filtration

66
Q

smooth ER function

A

cite of lipid synthesis and detoxification of alcohol and drugs

67
Q

cytoskeleton function

A

main structural support for the cell (contains microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments)

68
Q

where does DNA replication and growth occur in the cell cycle?

A

the S phase

69
Q

what is avascularity?

A

lack of blood vessels

70
Q

where are adhering junctions found?

A

they encircle deep to tight junctions

71
Q

What does pseudo stratified mean when it comes to tissues?

A

single layer, but nuclei look stratified

72
Q

What is polarity?

A

having an apical and basal surface

73
Q

What are the two (2) parts of bulk transport?

A

Exoctyosis and endocytosis

74
Q

pinocytosis

A

folds inward, brings in fluid (cell drinking)

75
Q

Where are desmosomes located?

A

at stress points for extra reinforcement

76
Q

cytoplasm function

A

suspend cellular organelles

Anatomy Lecture- Exam 1 (8 decks)

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