4: Childhood Development

Question 1

Dominant growth and development problems often reflect _____ or _____ behavior.

Answer 1

Delayed

Maladaptive

Question 2

When is the physiological beginning of the school age stage?

Answer 2

Loss of first deciduous teeth.

Question 3

When is the physiological ending of the school age stage?

Answer 3

Acquisition of last permanent teeth.

Question 4

What ages are these stages:
Early childhood?
Middle childhood?
Late childhood?

Answer 4

Early childhood: 5–7 years
Middle childhood: 8–10 years
Late childhood: 11–12 years

Question 5

What are the goals for school age children (5)?

Answer 5

1. Lay groundwork for achievement.
2. Support self-worth.
3. Develop positive self-image.
4. Work in and contribute to groups.
5. Develop life satisfaction.

Question 6

School age is a time of immense change, from preschool’s “innocence” to the complexities of adolescence. However, Freud called this period the _____ stage.

Answer 6

Latency

Question 7

Social status is often based on _____.

Answer 7

Physical competence

Question 8

Rate of growth increases significantly from _____ to _____.

Answer 8

Toddler to preschool

Question 9

Growth occurs in spurts and it’s important to monitor. How many inches do they grow/year?

Answer 9

2.5”

Question 10

How many pounds do children gain/year?

Answer 10

5-7 pounds

Question 11

When is the head circumference adult size?

Answer 11

By age 12

Question 12

T/F Organ development is not complete in the school age years.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

How does the bladder change during these years?

Answer 13

Capacity increases.

Question 14

How does the heart change during these years?

Answer 14

Becomes smaller in relation to the rest of the body.

Question 15

How does the immune system change during these years?

Answer 15

Becomes more effective.

Question 16

How do bones change during these years?

Answer 16

Ossification continues

Question 17

In middle childhood, myelination continues. When is it complete?

Answer 17

Early adulthood

Question 18

In middle childhood, cerebral cortex (intelligence) development continues. When is it complete?

Answer 18

Early adulthood

Question 19

What brain lobe develops last and what does it control?

Answer 19

Frontal lobe. Decision making and problem solving.

Question 20

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Gross motor skills refined.

Answer 20

Middle Childhood

Question 21

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Children run, jump climb, skip, throw overhand, alternate foot patterns.

Answer 21

Middle Childhood

Question 22

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Balance and coordination improve.

Answer 22

Middle Childhood

Question 23

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Better control and purposeful activity.

Answer 23

Late Childhood

Question 24

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Increased sense of competition.

Answer 24

Late Childhood

Question 25

What happens to fine motor skills throughout childhood (4)?

Answer 25

1. Finer dexterity and better control of pencil, scissors.
2. Independent dressing and self-care.
3. More recognizable drawings.
4. Improved hand-eye coordination in late childhood.

Question 26

Language development is closely related to _____ development.

Answer 26

Cognitive

Question 27

Language patterns provide information about the _____ system.

Answer 27

Neurological

Question 28

What are the 2 types of language skills?

Answer 28

Receptive

Expressive

Question 29

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Has well-developed vocabulary with good word-retrieval skills.

Answer 29

6

Question 30

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Follows simple directions.

Answer 30

6

Question 31

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Continues to progress in mastering semantics (like sentence structure).

Answer 31

6

Question 32

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is fully understood by adults, but may have some stuttering that resolves itself.

Answer 32

6

Question 33

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Has strong receptive skills.

Answer 33

7

Question 34

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to organize previous knowledge and express it verbally or in writing.

Answer 34

7

Question 35

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Masters language decoding, progresses in encoding information.

Answer 35

7

Question 36

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to solve word problems.

Answer 36

7

Question 37

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is fully understood by adults, but may have some difficulty with the “th” sound.

Answer 37

7

Question 38

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Uses pronouns correctly.

Answer 38

8-9

Question 39

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Demonstrates overall syntactic growth.

Answer 39

8-9

Question 40

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to understand complex sentences and directions.

Answer 40

8-9

Question 41

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to think abstractly.

Answer 41

8-9

Question 42

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to tell jokes.

Answer 42

8-9

Question 43

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Shows increased vocabulary and understands grammar.

Answer 43

8-9

Question 44

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to discuss ideas.

Answer 44

10

Question 45

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Understands metaphors.

Answer 45

10

Question 46

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Understands inflection.

Answer 46

10

Question 47

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Demonstrates concrete operational thinking.

Answer 47

10

Question 48

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to analyze and interpret language.

Answer 48

10

Question 49

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is more aware of inconsistencies.

Answer 49

10

Question 50

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Uses sophisticated concepts.

Answer 50

12

Question 51

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Uses grammar correctly.

Answer 51

12

Question 52

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to express emotions.

Answer 52

12

Question 53

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Uses language as a tool for socialization.

Answer 53

12

Question 54

T/F Social and emotional development are difficult challenges during school age development.

Answer 54

True. Because children need skills that are still developing.

Question 55

Erikson’s 4th stage of psychosocial development occurs from 5-12 yo. What is it?

Answer 55

Industry vs Inferiority

Question 56

What happens during Erikson’s industry vs inferiority stage (7)?

Answer 56

1. Eager to develop skills and participate in meaningful work.
2. Acquire sense of personal and interpersonal competence.
3. Develop increasing sense of independence.
4. Motivated by peer approval.
5. Relationships centered on same-sex peers.
6. Derive feelings from self or social environment.
7. Feel some inferiority regarding skills they cannot master.

Question 57

What are the needed skills for social acceptance (8)?

Answer 57

1. Understanding group rules.
2. Being socially responsive.
3. Picking up on social clues.
4. Being assertive and empathetic.
5. Understanding meaning of social situations.
6. Refining role in family.
7. Separating self from family.
8. Developing peer relationships.

Question 58

What are the social interaction tasks (6)?

Answer 58

1. Interpreting social cues.
2. Resolving conflicts.
3. Separating from family.
4. Developing and maintaining friendships.
5. Strengthening sense of self.
6. Initiating interactions.

Question 59

Piaget’s 3rd cognitive stage happens from 7-11 yo. What is it?

Answer 59

Concrete Operational Stage

Question 60

What happens during the Piaget’s concrete operational stage (3)?

Answer 60

1. Use thought processes to experience events and actions.
2. Understand relationships between things and ideas.
3. Are able to make judgements based on reason.

Question 61

In early childhood, children transition from _____ thinking (which uses intuitive problem solving) to early _____ thinking.

Answer 61

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Question 62

Which thought process, decentration, conservation, seriation, classification, or reversibility?
Ability to focus on more than one aspect of a situation.

Answer 62

Decentration

Question 63

Which thought process, decentration, conservation, seriation, classification, or reversibility?
Recognition that some aspects of objects remain the same despite changes in appearance.

Answer 63

Conservation

Question 64

Which thought process, decentration, conservation, seriation, classification, or reversibility?
Ability to sequence in order (smallest to largest).

Answer 64

Seriation

Question 65

Which thought process, decentration, conservation, seriation, classification, or reversibility?
Ability to group objects based on common characteristics.

Answer 65

Classification

Question 66

Which thought process, decentration, conservation, seriation, classification, or reversibility?
Ability to mentally reverse an action.

Answer 66

Reversibility

Question 67

What happens during the concrete stage (4)?

Answer 67

1. Egocentricity decreases.
2. Magical thinking fades.
3. Empathy develops.
4. Working toward self-efficacy, competency, and industry.

Question 68

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Understanding multiple variables related to an object.

Answer 68

Middle Childhood

Question 69

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Using well-developed concrete operational thinking.

Answer 69

Late Childhood

Question 70

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Focusing on more than 1 object and thinking logically.

Answer 70

Late Childhood

Question 71

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Processing information.

Answer 71

Late Childhood

Question 72

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Organizing thoughts.

Answer 72

Late Childhood

Question 73

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Using short- and long-term memory.

Answer 73

Late Childhood

Question 74

Does this happen at 6-7 yo, older school-age, or late childhood?
Guided by reward and punishment.

Answer 74

6-7

Question 75

Does this happen at 6-7 yo, older school-age, or late childhood?
Can judge actions by intentions.

Answer 75

Older School-Age

Question 76

Does this happen at 6-7 yo, older school-age, or late childhood?
Respect authority. Aware of social norms.

Answer 76

Late Childhood

Question 77

The ability to reason through difficult situations is dependent on _____ development.

Answer 77

Cognitive

Question 78

T/F School-age children do not have the cognitive maturity to cope with all situations.

Answer 78

True

Question 79

T/F School environment and home environment have the same rules.

Answer 79

False

Question 80

_____ pressures can make it difficult to choose actions that children know are “right.”

Answer 80

Social

Question 81

Though magical thinking fades, _____ and _____ develop during school ages.

Answer 81

Fantasy

Symbolism

Question 82

T/F This is the age when children form groups, cliques, and clubs.

Answer 82

True

Question 83

T/F Rules and rituals are created during the school age stage.

Answer 83

True

Question 84

_____ play is encouraged during the school age play.

Answer 84

Team

Question 85

T/F School age children gain ability to identify, understand, and manage feelings.

Answer 85

True

Question 86

Children should learn impulse control by age _____.

Answer 86

7

Question 87

What complex stressors do school age children face (5)?

Answer 87

1. Violence (community/home)
2. Divorce
3. Substance abuse
4. Early responsibilities
5. Lack of support in school

Question 88

During school age years, who is still the primary influence in shaping a child’s personality, behavior, and value system?

Answer 88

Parents

Question 89

During the school age years, what development needs to occur with the parents to allow proper child development (4)?

Answer 89

1. Allowing the child increased freedom and independence.
2. Seeing school as a system that can evaluate parent effectiveness.
3. Adjusting family patterns as they develop.
4. Changing disciplinary methods based on cognitive development.

Question 90

T/F Disciplinary methods should change based on physical development.

Answer 90

False. Based on cognitive development.

Question 91

What ages are school age years?

Answer 91

5-12