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Sociology Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Central Insights of Sociology

A
  1. We are all thoroughly interconnected
  2. Things are not always as they appear
  3. We make assumptions that often go unquestioned
  4. What we learn in the context of our culture
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2
Q

C. Wright Mills

A

The sociological imagination

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3
Q

Sociological methods of knowing

A

Systematic
Comprehensive
Group effort

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4
Q

Sociological methods of knowing

-systematic

A

This is deliberate and organized.

There is a need to define what things mean.

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5
Q

Sociological methods of knowing: comprehensive

A

Big picture

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6
Q

The Sociological Imagination

A

“Neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both.” C. Wright Mills.

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7
Q

How does society shape out individual experiences and our perceptions of those experiences.
Making the connection between the big picture and the induvial.

A

The Sociological Imagination

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8
Q

How do we know what we know?

A
  • At the everyday ordinary level, what we see and hear and what we don’t see and hear
  • Our socialization
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9
Q

Problems with our knowing at the everyday ordinary level

A
  • Faulty generalizations and assumptions from a single case

* Affected by our prevailing myths and stereotypes

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10
Q

Sociological methods of knowing: Group Effort

A

when studies replicated= more complete view

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11
Q

Dependent variable

A

Effect

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12
Q

Independent Variable

A

Cause

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13
Q

Field Experiments

A

There are no controlled settings
-An example of this would be something like faking a heart attack on the streets of CA and seeing who helps. The IV would be faked heart attack. The DV would be the people passing by ignore

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14
Q

Surveys

A
  • mail
  • phone interview
  • Face to face
  • observation
  • existing sources
  • previous studies
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15
Q

Survey: Mail

A
  • lease expensive
  • More anonymous
  • More time to respond
  • Can do a lot in a short time
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16
Q

Survey: Phone Interviews

A

Folks may not have time

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17
Q

Survey:Face to Face

A
  • In depth, in person
  • Very costly
  • Can clarify questions and answers’
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18
Q

Survey: Observation

A
  • Nothing changed by researcher
  • Detached-need to make assumptions
  • Participant-affect group behavior
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19
Q

Survey: Existing sources

A
  • Census
  • News media
  • Film Footage
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20
Q

Surveys: Previous studies

A
  • Benefit from others insights and findings

- Build on existing knowledge

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21
Q

Quantitative vs Qualitative Approach

A

Quantitative
-Numbers are percent’s, ratios, sophisticated
-Number of panels, square feet, visitors
Qualitative
-Characteristics, attributes, worth
-Why folks make a panel
-Impact of a visit to quilt

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22
Q

THE POINT

A

interaction is structured, ordered, scripted and patterned

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23
Q

Status

A
  • A position we occupy that defines our relationship to someone else
  • Born into relationships with others
  • Involves hierarchy
24
Q

Master Status

A
  • Most important status as perceived by others

- Usually based on occupation

25
Q

Achieved status

A
  • You did something to get there

- Not always positive

26
Q

Ascribed Status

A
  • You find yourself there

- By birth or involuntarily later in life

27
Q

Roles

A

Behavior that you do in relationship to a status PLAY a role

28
Q

Role Conflict

A

Student/parent

29
Q

Role Strain

A

Competing demands coming from within the same role

30
Q

Groups

A
  • Structured interaction (sheriff and sheriff)
  • A common culture is shared
  • Involves status and roles over a long time
31
Q

Aggregates

A

People in the same place at the same time. Remember that interactions are structured, ordered and scripted.

32
Q

Primary Groups:

A
  • Small, informal
  • extended interaction
  • intimate, mutually supportive
  • emotional ties and attachments
33
Q

Secondary Group:

A
  • Larger
  • Temporary
  • Superficial
  • Task Oriented
  • More impersonal and formal
34
Q

Institutions

A
  • Large scale, serve a purpose for society

- Channel Behavior

35
Q

Society

A
  • A population that occupies the same territory

- Is subject to the same political authority and shares a common culture

36
Q

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES

A

MACRO and MICRO

37
Q

Macro

A

The big picture
Understanding behavior at the structural level
Society, culture, institutions

38
Q

Micro

A

Small Picture
Understanding the behavior at the individual level
Communication styles in dyads

39
Q

ORDER MODEL (functionalism)

A

Macro theory- emile durkhiem

40
Q

Society

A

one entity with different parts that work for the good of the whole.Each part has a function and If a part becomes non functional, it will cease to exist

41
Q

The order model emphasizes

A

cohesion, consensus, cooperation, reciprocity, stability, persistence, the contribution of and equilibrium among society’s institutions

42
Q

CONFLICT MODEL (Critical Theory)

A

Macro- Karl Marx
Conflict theory is a theory propounded by Karl Marx that claims society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources`

43
Q

Inequality

A

resources and rewards are unevenly distributed and cause serious consequences in individuals life.

44
Q

Who benefits from conflict model?

A

Social systems are not neutral and some groups benefit from existing conditions. Change is promoted and if it eliminates oppression and exploitation. Activist orientation.

45
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A 
a micro approach
		Up close, everyday, ordinary
		Small group interaction
		World is constructed through symbols
		Meaning is contextual- V sign
		Reality based on subjective interpretation
46
Q

THE THOMAS THEROREM

A

that which we treat as real becomes real in its consequences

47
Q

THE DRAMATURGICAL APPROACH

A

Erving Goffman

48
Q

Categories of human behavior

A

Front stage behavior- public
Aligning actions- what do we do when our image is blown
Backstage behavior-private

49
Q

Doing sociology from an SI perspective

A

ETHNOMETHODOLOGY: the study of the methods and techniques used by people to make sense of the world

50
Q

Non material elements of culture

A
  • Norms Continuum: Not all norms are the same
  • Folkways are informal rules and minor infractions and sanctions
  • Mores are more formal/serious and more severe negative sanctions
  • Taboos are the most serious-cannibalism and are very rare
51
Q

Values

A

general notions/feelings about what’s good and bad or right and wrong.

52
Q

Sanctions +/- pressure on us to stay in line.

A

Rewards for conformity (positive)

Punishments for non-conformity (negative)

53
Q

Symbols/language

A

Words=symbols
Carries of meaning=contextual
Symbols are not just about intellect
Charged emotionally

54
Q

The linguistic relativity hypothesis- sapir and whorf

A
  • Words predispose us to perceive the world in certain ways

- Culture is a lens/filter= it organizes what we see

55
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

is the universial tendency to deprecate the ways of other people from other societies as wrong, old fashioned, immoral and think of the ways of ones own group as superior.

56
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

looking at the practices and beliefs of another culture relative to that culture.

Sociology Exam 1 (2 decks)

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