ch 3- Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

what 4 things are composed of eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

animals, plants, fungi, and protists

Question 2

organelles

Answer 2

sub cellular strutures that preform a particular function

Question 3

cell wall

Answer 3

plants, fungi, and some protests (NOT IN ANIMAL)

composition: contains polysaccharides
- function: support anf protection

Question 4

plasma membrane:

Answer 4

composition: phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
function: defines cell boundary, regulates molecules passage in and out of cell

Question 5

nucleus

Answer 5

composition: nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleoli
function: storage of genetic materials, synthesis of DNA and RNA

Question 6

nuclear envelope:

Answer 6

• 2 layers

- double lipid bilayer

Question 7

nuclear pores

Answer 7

-holes in membrane

Question 8

chromatin

Answer 8

• uncoiled chromosomes

- DNA and Protein

Question 9

nucleolus

Answer 9

RNA, protein, and ribosomes (unfinished, being made)

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

composition: protein and 2 RNA subunit
function: protein synthesis

Question 11

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

studded with ribosome folds and processes proteins and packages them in vesicles—>Golgi

Question 12

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 12

no ribosomes, synthesizes phospholipids, detoxification of chemicals

Question 13

golgi apparatus

Answer 13

composition: stack of small membrane sacs
function: processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids

Question 14

Lysosomes

Answer 14

composition: vesicles containing digestive enzymes
function: intercellular digestion, recycling of cellular components

Question 15

Vacuoles and Vesicles

Answer 15

membranous sacs, used for storage or substance

-Vacuole is bigger than a Vesicle

Question 16

Peroxisomes

Answer 16

Composition: membranous vesicles containing specific digestive enzymes
function: breakdown of fatty acids and other metabolic tasks

Question 17

Mitochondria

Answer 17

cellular Respiration!!!
Carbohydrate+O2—>CO2+ H2O+energy
Cristae: increase surface area
plant and animal cells both have mitochondria

Question 18

Chlorplasts

Answer 18

-PLANT CELLS
photosynthesis!!!
energy+CO2+water—>carbohydrate + O2
-Double membrane increases surface area

Question 19

Cytoskeleton

Answer 19

shape of cell and movement of its parts

Question 20

Actin Filaments (cytoskeleton)

Answer 20

• two long, thing, flexible chains twisted in a helix

- interacts w motor molecules for movement

Question 21

Intermediate Filaments (cytoskeleton)

Answer 21

• support nuclear envelope
• cell-to-cell junction (ex: hold skin together)
• human hair

Question 22

Microtubules (cytoskeleton)

Answer 22

• hollow cylinders of tubulin protein
• help maintain cell shape
• form spindle apparatus during cell division
• provide tracts for vesicles (video)

Question 23

Cilia and flagella

Answer 23

• cilia are rare in plant cells
• found in both male and female (respiratory tract, filopian tubes, etc.)
• cilia are shorter than flagella and more numbers
• 9+2 pattern of microtubules

Question 24

Centroile

Answer 24

• formation of basal bodies

- 9+0 pattern of microtubles

Question 25

central Vacuole

Answer 25

large central vacuole filled with watery fluids that provides added support to the cell

Question 26

energy storage in plant

Answer 26

starch

Question 27

energy storage in animal

Answer 27

glycogen

Question 28

energy storage in fungi

Answer 28

glycogen

Question 29

stroma

Answer 29

in the chloroplast, fluid filled space on the inside

Question 30

thylakoids

Answer 30

in the chloroplasts, membrane system within the stroma thats organized into interconnected flattened sacs

Question 31

grana

Answer 31

the thylakoids that are stacked up