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Pharm > CH 5 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

CH 5 (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

(the psychological component of pain) Involves the pt’s emotional response to the pain?

A

Reaction

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2
Q

(the physical component of pain) Involves the the message of pain that is carried through the nerves eventually to the cortex?

A

Perception

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3
Q

Means by which body is made urgently aware of the presence of tissue damage?

A

Sensation of pain

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4
Q

Protective reflex for self-preservation?

A

Pain

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5
Q

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage?

A

IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain )

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6
Q

IASP means?

introduced the most widely used definition of pain

A

International Association for the Study of Pain

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7
Q

What can lower the pain threshold?

A 
Anxiety
Sleeplessness
Tiredness
Anger
Fear, Fright
Depression
Discomfort
Pain 
Isolation
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8
Q

What can raise the pain threshold?

A 
Sleep
Rest
Diversion
Empathy
Specific Meds; Analgesics, Antianxiety agents, Antidepressants
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9
Q

Two types of pain?

A

Nociceptive

Non-nociceptive

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10
Q

Good pain; achy, sore

A

Nociceptive

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11
Q

Bad pain; burning, electrical

A

Non-nociceptive

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12
Q

T/F The site of pain may be the source of pain BUT the site of pain is not always the source of pain

A

True

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13
Q

A way to explain referred pain?

A

Convergence

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14
Q

Classification of Analgesic Agents are?

A
  1. Nonopioids/nonnarcotics

2. Opioids/narcotics

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15
Q

3 types of Nonopiods (nonnarcotics)

A
  1. Salicylates
  2. Aceraminophen
  3. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
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16
Q

act primarily at peripheral nerve endings, although their antipyretic effect is mediated centrally?

A

Nonopioid analgesics

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17
Q

act primarily in the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

Opioids

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18
Q

inhibit prostaglandin synthesis?

A

Nonopioids

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19
Q

affect the response to pain by depressing the CNS?

A

Opioids

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20
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid, also known as?

A

aspirin

21
Q

Mechanism of Action of Acetylsalicylic acid?

A
  • Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
  • Enzyme cyclo-oxygenase (COX I and II)
  • Prostaglandins can:
  • Sensitize pain receptors
  • Lower pain threshold to painful stimuli
  • Cause inflammation and fever
  • Affect vascular tone and permeability
22
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid is absorbed from?

A

the stomach and small intestine

23
Q

T/F Aspirin is Zero-order kinetics because a constant amount rather than a constant percentage is being metabolized per hour

A

True

24
Q

Half-life of unhydrolyzed aspirin is about ?
Half-life of hydrolyzed aspirin is?
Small doses: Half-life is?
Higher doses: Half-life is?

A

Half-life of unhydrolyzed aspirin is about 15 minutes
Half-life of hydrolyzed aspirin is dose-dependent
Small doses: Half-life is 2-3 hours
Higher doses: Half-life is 15-30 hours

25
Q

Pharmacologic Effects of Aspirin?

A

Analgesic effect; help w/ pain
Antipyretic effect; reduce fever
Antiinflammatory effect; decrease inflammatory
Uricosuric effect; acid to be excreted better
Antiplatelet effect; thin blood

26
Q

Classic sign of adverse reaction of Aspirin?

A

Tinnitus

27
Q

Lethal dose of aspirin?

A

Child: 4 gm
Adult: 10 to 30 gm

28
Q

Uses of aspirin?

A

Analgesia for mild-to-moderate pain
Antiinflammatory
Low-dose aspirin therapy

29
Q

FDA pregnancy category B of NSAID?

A

Fenoprofen
Ibuprofen
Naproxen

30
Q

FDA pregnancy category C of NSAID?

A

Diflunisal
Tolmetin
Mefenamic acid

31
Q

The two components of pain are?

A

Perception

Reaction

32
Q

Difference between the nonopioid and opioid is?

A

their sites of action and mechanism of actions

33
Q

Most useful drug of Salicylates?

A

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)

34
Q

Adverse reactions of Aspirin?

A
  • GI effects (Most occurring)
  • Bleeding
  • Reye’s Syndrome
  • Hepatic and renal Effects
  • Pregnancy and nursing considerations
  • Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
35
Q

Chemical classifications of NSAIDs?

A
  • Propionic acids
  • Acetic acids
  • Fenamates
  • Pyrazolones
  • Oxicams
36
Q

Most useful drug group in treatment of dental pain?

A

NSAIDs

37
Q

NSAIDs inhibit what enzymes ?

A

COX 1 and 2

38
Q

NSAIDs is metabolized in? and excreted by?

A

liver

kidneys

39
Q

Adverse reactions of NSAIDs?

A
  • blood clotting; reversibly inhibit platelet aggregation
  • Cardiovascular; myocardial infarction or stroke
  • muscle weakness
  • ringing ears
  • blurred vision
  • hepatitis
  • Cholestatic jaundice
  • CNS effects
  • Renal effects
  • GI tract effects
40
Q

Half life if ibuprofen?
onset?
Duration?

A

2 hours
half hour
4-6 hours

41
Q

Lipids that are synthesized locally by inflammatory stimuli, can sensitize the pain receptors to substances .

A

Prostaglandins

42
Q

These lipids can lower the pain threshold to painful stimuli, cause inflammation and fever, affect vascular tone (blood clots) and permeability resulting in edema?

A

Prostaglandins

43
Q

Aspirin’s most common side effect is related to the?

A

Gastrointestinal Tract

44
Q

T/F true aspirin allergy is uncommon, but if one is truly allergic then any aspirin containing products or NSAIDs should be avoided

A

True

45
Q

When the blood level of salicylate reaches a certain point, a toxic reaction occurs known as?

A

Salicylism

46
Q

Enzyme responsible for the adverse reactions of the NSAIDs such as stomach problems, reduced renal function, fluid retention and reduced platelet adhesivesness?

A

COX 1

47
Q

An inducible enzyme that is synthesized only when inflammation occurs. Also expressed in the kidneys where it helps maintain perfusion ?

A

COX 2

48
Q

NSAIDs pharmacologic effects?

A

Same mechanism as aspirin
Treatment of dysmenorrhea
Treatment of gout

Pharm (7 decks)

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