Cells

Question 1

List in order of increasing size: plants, microbial and animal calls.

Answer 1

microbial cells, plant cells, animal cells.

Question 2

Characteristics of viruses? (4)

Answer 2

• belong to grey area of living/ non living
• don’t have cellular structure
• can’t carry out metabolic activities in isolation
• can’t self replicate

Question 3

What type of shapes do cells have?

Answer 3

There is no fixed shape for cells as all cells have different functions and thus different shapes to suit them.

Question 4

Why are cells so small?

Answer 4

The smaller the cell, the higher the SA:V and the greater the efficiency of two way exchange across plasma membrane, allowing cell to meet nutrient needs.

Question 5

How can you increase cell SA:V? (4)

Answer 5

• folded membrane
• thin narrow shape
• plasma membrane extension
• cell compartmentalisation

Question 6

What is a cell compartmentalisation?

Answer 6

Cells that contain many membrane bound organelles.

Question 7

What are the benefits of cel compartmentalisation? (3)

Answer 7

• increases cells overall efficiency
• allows cells to perform individual reactions
• gives isolation to these reactions

Question 8

What are the features of a prokaryotic cell? DORA

Answer 8

• dna is dispersed through out the cell: no nucleus, non linear
• few organelles, which are NOT membrane bound
• reproduce quickly through binary fission
• average size is very small

Question 9

What are the features of a eukaryotic cell? DOA

Answer 9

• DNA is contained with in nucleus: linear
• Contains many organelles which ARE membrane bound
• Average size is larger

Question 10

What are the differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 10

Eukaryotic cells: complex, large, linear dna, membrane bound organelles and nucleus
Prokaryotic cells: simple, small, singular circle dna, no membrane bound organelles or nucleus.

Question 11

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 11

Site of cell where proteins are made.

Amino acids assembled and joined to peptides.

Question 12

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

Interconnected system of membrane enclosed flattened channels.
Involved in transporting proteins to sites in cell.

Question 13

What is the function of the golgi body?

Answer 13

Responsible for the modification and export of proteins.