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Environmental Science > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Inexhaustible renewable resources

A

Solar
Wind
Wave
Geothermal

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2
Q

Exhaustible renewable resources

A

Water
Soil
Biodiversity
Forests

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3
Q

Ecosystem services

A

Natural processes that benefit humans

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4
Q

Industrial revolution

A

1700s
Powered by fossil fuels
Population growth!

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5
Q

Produced by the de/compression of organic matter from ancient life

A

Fossil fuels

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6
Q

Scientific Method

A 
Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Prediction
Test
Result
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7
Q

Environmental literacy

A

Basic biological understanding

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8
Q

Fuel source used to produce electricity with nuclear energy

A

Uranium

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9
Q

Element

A

92 natural

20 artificial

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10
Q

Protons

A

Positive

In the nucleus

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11
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral

In the nucleus

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12
Q

Mass number

A

Neutrons + Protons

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13
Q

Electrons

A

Negative

Balances the protons

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14
Q

Isotopes

A

Element with a different number of neutrons, therefore a different mass
Act identical

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15
Q

Ion

A

Electrically charged atom

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16
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms

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17
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements

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18
Q

Covalent bond

A

Atoms share electrons in a chemical bond

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19
Q

Weak attraction due to partial positive and negative charges

A

Hydrogen bond

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20
Q

Bond where electrons are transferred between atoms

A

Ionic bond

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21
Q

H+ > OH-

Hydrogen ions >hydroxide ions

A

Acidic

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22
Q

OH- > H+

Hydroxide ions > hydrogen ions

A

Basic

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23
Q

pH

A

Measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

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24
Q

Carbon atoms joined by covalent bonds

A

Organic compounds

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25
Q

Compounds using long chains of repeated molecules (DNA, Proteins)

A

Polymers

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26
Q

Large molecules (protein, dna, carbohydrate)

A

Macromolecules

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27
Q

Macromolecules made of long gains of amino acids

A

Proteins

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28
Q

Macromolecules that direct production of proteins

A

Nucleus Acids

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29
Q

Organic compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

A

Carbohydrate

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30
Q

Class of chemical compounds and used for energy storage

A

Lipid

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31
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Conservation of energy

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32
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Energy tends to change from a more ordered state to a less ordered state

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33
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organism that uses enters from sunlight for food

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34
Q

Cellular respiration

A

A cell uses oxygen to split glucose and release energy to perform tasks within the cell

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35
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organism that consumes other organisms

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36
Q

Igneous rock

A

Cooling magma

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37
Q

Sedimentary rock

A

Dissolved minerals that deep through sediment and combine

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38
Q

Metamorphic rock

A

Great heat and pressure form and reshape crystals

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39
Q

Darwin

A

1850s

*wallace

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40
Q

Muatation

A

Accidental change in DNA

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41
Q

Artificial selection

A

Selection under human control

Breeding crops and pets

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42
Q

Phylogenic Diagrams/trees

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Dear king Phillip came over for great soup

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43
Q

Mass extinction

A

Wipes out 50-90% of life in one go

Ice age

44
Q

Biosphere

A

Total of living things

45
Q

Community

A

Interacting organisms

46
Q

Ecosystem

A

Community and non living things

47
Q

Species that survive in a very narrow range OR depend on a specific resource

A

Specialists

48
Q

Logistic growth

A

Populations that grows then stops due to carrying capacity

49
Q

Fundamental niche

A

Full niche

50
Q

Realized niche

A

Portion of niche fully used by species

51
Q

Resource partitioning

A

Evolve to competition by using different resources

52
Q

Predation

A

Kills prey

53
Q

Parasitism

A

Exploits another organism without killing

54
Q

Pathogens

A

Parasites that cause disease in host

55
Q

Symbiosis

A

Relations of organisms living closely. Can be mutual or parasitic

56
Q

Trophies levels ranked

A

1 producers/autotrophs
2 (primary) autotrophs consumed
3 secondary consumers
4 tertiary consumers

57
Q

Detrivitors

A

Consumer waste

58
Q

Decomposers

A

Breaks down mass

59
Q

Biomass

A

Living matter

60
Q

Keystone species

A

Important to community

61
Q

Tropic cascade

A

How tropic levels effect each other

62
Q

Disturbance

A

Impacts environmental conditions

63
Q

Resistance

A

Stable through disturbances

64
Q

Resilience

A

Change in response to disturbance

65
Q

Primary succession

A

No life is left after disturbance

66
Q

Secondary succession

A

Alters community but does NOT destroy all life

67
Q

First species to arrive

A

Pioneer species

68
Q

Biome

A

Vast area of similar communities

69
Q

Restorative ecology

A

Historical systems used to restore current/broken systems

70
Q

15 protons, 15 neutrons

Abu dang in lithosphere

A

Phosphorus

71
Q

Extremely low dissolved oxygen concentrations in bodies of water

A

Hypoxia

72
Q

Eutrophication

A

Nutrient enrichment increases production of organic matter which degraded the ecosystem

73
Q

Lithosphere

A

Upper most mantle

Crust

74
Q

Atmosphere

A

Air surrounding the plant

75
Q

Estuary

A

Where rivers meet ocean

76
Q

Primary production

A

Solar energy —> chemical energy

77
Q

Gross primary production

A

Total amount of chemical energy

78
Q

Net primary production

A

Remaining energy used to create biomass

79
Q

Nutrient cycles

A

How nutrients move through ecosystems

80
Q

Reservoir

A

Pools

81
Q

Flux

A

Rate at which materials move between reservoirs

82
Q

Reservoir releases more than it accepts

A

Source

83
Q

Reservoir accepts more than it releases

A

Sink

84
Q

Hydraulic cycle

A

Water cycle

85
Q

Transpiration

A

Release of water vapor through plant leaves

86
Q

Water table

A

Amount limit of water that can be held above the aquifer

87
Q

Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonium

A

Nitrogen fixation

88
Q

Conversion of bacteria by ammonium ions

A

Nitrification

89
Q

NO2-

A

Nitrite ions

90
Q

NO3-

A

Nitrate ions

91
Q

Denitrifying bacteria

A

Convert nitrates to gaseous nitrogen

92
Q

Natural gas trapped deep in shale rock

A

Shale gas

93
Q

Fracking process

A

1 drill
2 turn once shale is reached
3 pressure cracks the shale
4 natural gas rises and is collected

94
Q

Tragedy of the commons

A

Unregulated public resources tend to degrade

95
Q

NEPA

A

National Environmental Policy Act
Nixon
Created council on environmental quality
Required EIS

96
Q

EIS

A

Environmental Impact Statement

97
Q

UN

A

United Nations

Seeks to maintain peace

98
Q

EU

A

European Union

Promotes Europe unity

99
Q

WTO

A

World trade organization

100
Q

NGO

A

Non Governmental Organizations

Non profit, mission driven

101
Q

Command-and-Control

A

Regulating agency that prohibits certain actions

102
Q

Green Tax

A

Tax on evnvironmentally harmful things

103
Q

Subsidy

A

Government supporting and promoting an industry, firm, or individual

104
Q

Emission trading

A

Industries buy or sell excess pollution permits from each other

105
Q

Cap-and-trade

A

Emission trading between nations

Environmental Science (3 decks)

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