General Principles

Question 1

Amount of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Answer 1

Bioavailability

Question 2

Used to determine the safety and efficacy if generic drugs

Answer 2

Bioequivalence

Question 3

Measures the dose or concentration required to bring about 50% of the drug’s maximal effect

Answer 3

Potency/ EC50

Question 4

Dose at which 50% of the individuals exhibit the specified quantal effect

Answer 4

ED50/Median effective dose

Question 5

dose at which 50% of the animals manifest a particular toxic effect

Answer 5

TD50/ Median toxic dose

Question 6

Transfer of drug from site of administration to bloodstream

Answer 6

Absorption

Question 7

Volum Distribution

Answer 7

Refers the apparent volume into which the drug is able to distribute

Question 8

Elimination of drug at a constant rate

Answer 8

Zero order kinetics

Question 9

Elimination at a rate that is proportional to the serum concentration of the drug

Answer 9

First order kinetics

Question 10

Addition of a polar moiety (Sulfate, acetate, glucorunate)

Answer 10

Phase II metabolism

Question 11

Use of CYP 450 system
oxidation
reduction
hydrolysis

Answer 11

Phase I metabolism

Question 12

Describes the rate at which a specific drug is cleared from the system

Answer 12

Clearance

Question 13

Used as a measure of drug safety

Answer 13

Therapeutic index

Question 14

Formula for therapeutic index

Answer 14

TD50/ED50

Question 15

Refers to the dosage range between the minimum effective therapeutic concentration or dose and minimum toxic concentration or dose

Answer 15

Therapeutic window

Question 16

Substance that shifts the graded dose response curve to the right

Answer 16

Competitive antagonist

Question 17

Substance that does not reduce the same maximum effect and is exhibited by a decrease in Emax

Answer 17

Partial Agonist

Question 18

Substance that depress the graded-dose response curve

Answer 18

Noncompetitive antagonist

Question 19

an antagonist that interacts directly with the agonist and not all or only incidentally with the receptor

Answer 19

Chemical antagonist

Question 20

The action of the drug to the body

Answer 20

Pharmacodynamics

Question 21

The action of the body to the drug

Answer 21

Pharmacokinetics

Question 22

Permeation that is governed by Fick’s Law

Answer 22

Lipid diffusion passive diffusion

Question 23

Permeation that is saturable and inhibitable

Answer 23

Carrier-Mediated transport

Question 24

Adverse effect that is infrequently observed in most patients

Answer 24

Idiosyncratic reactions

Question 25

Responsiveness decreases as a consequence of continued drug administration

Answer 25

Tolerance

Question 26

Responsiveness diminishes rapidly after drug administration

Answer 26

Tachyphylaxis

Question 27

Induction of developmental defects in the fetus

Answer 27

Teratogenesis

Question 28

Induction of malignant characteristics in cells

Answer 28

Carcinogenesis

Question 29

Induction of changes in the genetic material of animals of any age

Answer 29

Mutagenesis