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A&P II > III Blood Vessels > Flashcards

III Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

General Function of Arteries

A
  1. Carry blood AWAY from the heart - continuously
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2
Q

General Function of Veins

A

Carry blood TO the heart

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3
Q

Structure of Large Arteries

A
  1. Smooth muscle & elastic tissue
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4
Q

Function of Large Arteries

A

Store pressure from the heart
(ventricles contract, and arteries stretch)
Ventricles relax and ELASTIC arteries RECOIL, pushing blood onward

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5
Q

Structure of Medium-sized Arteries

A

Mostly muscle, less elastic

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6
Q

Function of Medium-sized arteries

A

Distribute blood to various regions

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7
Q

Aneurysm

A

Weak point in an artery or heart wall

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8
Q

Structure of Arterioles

A

Small

Muscle + endothelium + connective tissue

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9
Q

Function of Arterioles

A

Regulate flow to tissues and pressure

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10
Q

Arterioles Vasoconstriction

A

Flow DECREASES

Pressure INCREASES

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11
Q

Arterioles Vasodilate

A

Flow INCREASES

Pressure DECREASES

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12
Q

Metarterioles

A

Like arteries to capillaries. Have sphincters

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13
Q

Structure of Capillaries

A

thin-walled
Single layer of endothelial cells
in all tissues of body

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14
Q

Function of capilaries

A

Permit exchange of: nutrients, waste, O2, CO2

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15
Q

Precapillary Sphincters

A

Open and close to allow blood to get to areas of need. Only around 1/4 open at a time

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16
Q

Veins General info

A

Hold more blood than areteries
Lower pressure 10 mm Hg
54% of blood

17
Q

Venules Structure

A

Small vessels, little muscle and no elastic tissue

18
Q

Structure of Veins (and difference with arteries)

A 
Same layers as arteries but:
Thinner walls
Less elastic tissue
One-way Valves
Larger Lumens
19
Q

Blood pressure changes through body

A

Drops as it goes. (smaller vessels offer more resistance)

Aorta 100 mm Hg
Arteries 85 mm Hg
Arterioles 35 mm Hg
Capillaries 20 mm Hg
Venous System 0 mmHg
20
Q

Where is largest drop in pressure?

A

Arteries –> Arterioles

21
Q

3 main factors affecting blood pressure

A
  1. Cardiac Output
  2. Blood Volume
  3. Peripheral Resistance

Any increase in these 3 increases blood pressure

22
Q

Factors influencing blood volume

A

concentration of solutes in body fluids, blood

23
Q

Regulation of blood volume

A

Fluid consumption and excretion through the kidneys

24
Q

Peripheral Resistance

A

Any force the opposes movement

25
Q

Factors that influence Peripheral Resistance

A

blood viscosity
blood vessel length
blood vessel diameter
total cross section area of vessels

26
Q

Speed of flow in different parts

A

Fastest in Aorta
Slow in Capillaries
Moderate in Veins

27
Q

Factors that impact flow

A

Friction

Resistance to flow in small vessels

28
Q

Which two systems regulate blood pressure?

A

Nervous System

Endocrine System

29
Q

Endocrine System impact on blood pressure during stress

A

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
vasoconstriction on most vessels (pressure ++)
vasodilation on cardiac and skeletal muscles - more blood to limbs and heart

30
Q

Antidiuretic hormone -> blood pressure impact

A

Causes fluid retention

Increases blood pressure

31
Q

Aldosterone -> blood pressure

A

response to low blood pressure

causes vasoconstriction

32
Q

Nitric Acid & Prostagalandis –> blood pressure

A

Response to trauma, inflammation, and local oxygen depletion

vasodilation

33
Q

Capillary Exchange

A

Exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gasses between blood and interstitial fluids

34
Q

Main forces of capillary exchange

A 
Osmotic Pressure (OP)
Hydrostatic Pressure
35
Q

Factors that impact venous return

A
  1. Muscle contraction
  2. Decreased venous compliance
  3. Respiratory inspiration/expiration
  4. Vena cava compressoin
  5. Gravity
36
Q

END Arteries

A

an artery that is the only supply of oxygenated blood to a portion of tissue

37
Q

3 examples of END arteries

A

Arteries of:

Spleen, kidney, lungs, metaphyses of longbones

A&P II (13 decks)

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