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Developmental > Language Acquisition > Flashcards

Language Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

Who offered a behaviourist empiricist perspective on language acquisition

A

Skinner

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2
Q

What are the 3 fundamental points of Skinner’s theory

A

S-R
Imitation
Reinforcement

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3
Q

Who offered a linguistic nativist perspective on language aquisition

A

Chomsky

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4
Q

What were Chomsky’s fundamental points

A

Language faculty
Universal Grammar
Innate language
Language switched on by experience

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5
Q

Who proposed an interaction constructivist model

A

Piaget

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6
Q

What is the name of the Connectionist model

A

Information Processing Model

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7
Q

What does the Social Interaction Model suggest?

A

Children don’t exist as language learners themselves, its is the environment that helps build language.

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8
Q

What did Peelle & Davis 2012 and Davis & Johnsrude 2007 study

A

The auditory characteristics of language

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9
Q

Define prenatal listening

A

Noises from the outside world can be heard from inside the womb before birth including the rhythm of language

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10
Q

What did Kisilevsky et al. (2003) find in prenatal listenting

A

That the fatal heart rate was higher when hearing the mothers voice than a strangers even before the baby is born

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11
Q

Who identified differences in French and German babies cries 1-8 days old matching to the language

A

Mampe et al. 2009

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12
Q

Define universal listeners

A

Discriminate all phonetic units of the worlds languages

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13
Q

What is involved in early learning frames future

A

Neural commitment
Own language facilitated
(Kuhl 2004)

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14
Q

Nazzi, Bertoncini, Mehler 1998 used what technique in 0-5 day old French babies

A

High amplitude sucking paradigm

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15
Q

Nazzi, Bertoncini, Mehler 1998 found that babies were able to discriminate what langaues

A

English v Japanese

English & Dutch vs Italian & Spanish.

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16
Q

Nazzi, Bertoncini, Mehler 1998 found that babies were unable to discriminate what languages

A

English vs Dutch

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17
Q

Who identified that by 1 children no longer able to hear foerign language phonetic contrasts not in their own language

A

Kuhl, Kiritani, et al., 1997

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18
Q

A tuning to your native language occurs at what age (Tsao Liu & Kuhl, 2004)

A

6m

Improves with language growth at 13m 16m and 24m

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19
Q

Americana and Japanese children were found to have a blocking effect to sounds not present in their language, known as

A

Neural Commitment

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20
Q

What are the challenges of learning speech sounds

A 
Segmentation
Grouping
Stress, intonation, rhythm
Vowels
Boundaries
Phoneme contrasts
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21
Q

How many different phonmenes are their in the English language

A

45

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22
Q

How did Saffran 1996 found that childrens ability to segment speech is something special

A

8m old paired syllables as words, i.e patterns to segment speech.

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23
Q

Why are children better at segmenting sounds than adults

A

Adults are influenced by memory whereas children only focus on the here and now

24
Q

What is the process of language acquisition

A

Speech input -> acoustic analysis -> phonological lexicon -> semantic lexicon

25
Q

What is involved in infant directed speech

A 
Higher pitch
Slow tempo
Shorter phrases
Hyper-articulated
Clear category examples
Simple syntax and semantics
26
Q

Infants preferring happy talk and depressed mothers showing less exaggerated prosody was found by

A

Singh Morgan and Best 2002

27
Q

What was found when comparing adult speech to foreigner directed speech and IDS

A

IDS higher pitch
IDS comprises more positive affect
FDS/IDS exaggerated vowels

28
Q

At what age do childnre learn non-words

A

6-7m

29
Q

Thiessen, Hill and Saffran 2005 found what effect on listening times for words and part words in IDS

A

Listening time was LONGER for words than part words in IDS

30
Q

What effect does IDS have on segmentation

A

Helps

31
Q

What does segmentation abilities at 6m predict

A

Later vocabulary

32
Q

What does IDS prosody help with

A

Learning sound-meaning associations at 17m

33
Q

Where does iDS exist

A

In the social environment

34
Q

At what age does preference for IDS stop

A

7-9m

35
Q

What are the points of controversy surrounding IDS

A
  • Intentional reading and pattern finding
  • Directedness Intentionallity or Expertises.
  • Lack of IDS in some cultures
36
Q

Ochs 1985 and Heath 1983 and Haggan 1983 found no IDS in what cultuers

A

Samons rejected child centerdness.
Trackton Mothers - didnt admit to it but did
Kuwaiti but did

37
Q

Who found that interactive human element improves learning

A

O’Doherty et al.

38
Q

What parts of caregiver infant learning help with language aquistion

A

Conversation
Joint Attention
Communicative pointing
Intentions

39
Q

Joint attention helps language development at what age

A

9-12m

40
Q

Communicative pointing helps with language development at what age

A

12m

41
Q

Intention of speech helps language development at what age

A

18m

42
Q

What are and when do Reflexive Vocalistions occur

A

0-2m

Crying, burping, fussing, vowel-like sounds - reflexes body makes noise of, learn that body can make noise.

43
Q

What are and when do Cooing Laughing occur

A

2-4m
Coo, goo, back of mouth happening as the speak apparatus itself is growing have to be abel to use it, triggered by reflexive enjoyment start back of mouth control then moves forward.

44
Q

What is vocal play and when does it occur

A

4-6m

Variety, explore sounds

45
Q

What is canonical babbling and when does it occur

A

6m+
C-V syllables with adult-like timing, bababa, bagidubu, where you have learnt some aspects of native language and start being able to hear the timing of the adult language, by 6m speak like native language.

46
Q

What is jargon and when does it occur

A

10m+
Early speech, sounds, syllables, stress, intonation- conversation other ways start to use the words that they want by tiem get to protowords say word get something by chance make new sound than scaffold to the next word

47
Q

What are protowords and when do they occur

A

12m+
Made up but resemble adult words, controlled, has meaning. People realise what it means, something that is frequent in their

48
Q

What is the process for babbling -> Word transition

A 
Social feedback ->
Hear and See speech ->
Produce speech ->
Sound and Tactile Feedback ->
Social feedback
49
Q

At what age do childrenn manipulate language to fit with sounds in repertoire

A

18m

50
Q

At what age do children begin playing with sounds and demonstrate phonological awarness

A

2 years

51
Q

At what age do children show articualrly gesture development and grammar development

A

1-7 years

52
Q

At what age do children show an onset of K and rime / age / of cat, past tense

A

3 years

53
Q

At what age do children show similar start sounds and exposure to alphabet feeding phonological awarness

A

4 years

54
Q

At what age do children decode into phonemes with their vocab reaching 14, 000 words

A

6 years

55
Q

At what age do children develop grammar with vocab reaching 40,000 words

A

8-9 years

Developmental (10 decks)

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