Booklet 3

Question 1

Associationism

Answer 1

Having a strong identity or affiliation with a particular group.

Question 2

Fuhrerprinzip

Answer 2

‘The leadership principle’. Hitler upheld the idea of a one-party state, built on an all-powerful leader.

Question 3

Gauleiter

Answer 3

Means ‘leader of a regional area’. The Nazi party was organised into 35 regions from 1926.

Question 4

Intentionalists

Answer 4

Interpret history by emphasising the role (intentions) of people who shape history.

Question 5

Mass Suggestion

Answer 5

A psychological term suggesting that large groups of people can be unified simply by the atmosphere of the occasion. Hitler and Goebbels used their speeches and large rallies to, particularly good effect.

Question 6

Mein Kampf

Answer 6

‘My struggle’. The book was written by Hitler in 1924, which expresses his political ideas.

Question 7

Night of the Long Knives

Answer 7

30th June. 1934. A crucial turning point when Hitler arranged for the SS to purge the SA leadership and murder of 200 victims, including Ernst Rohm, Gregor Strasser, and Kurt Von Schleicher.

Question 8

Revolution from below

Answer 8

The radical elements in the party e.g. the SA, that wanted to direct the Nazi revolution from a more local level rather than from the leadership in Berlin.

Question 9

S.A. Sturm Abteilung

Answer 9

They became known in English as the stormtroopers. They were also referred to as Brownshirts after the colour of the uniform. They supported the radical socialist aspects of Nazism.

Question 10

Sopade (or SoPaDe)

Answer 10

SPD party in exile following the banning of the party in June 1933. They were based in Prague from 1933 1938, Paris from 1938 to 1940 and London until 1945. It tried to raise awareness about the activities of the Nazis in Germany and bring it about a political revolution against Hitler.

Question 11

S.S. Schutz Staffel

Answer 11

Means ‘protection squad’. They became known as the Blackshirts, named after the uniform. They were eventually responsible for carrying out the Holocaust.

Question 12

Stahlelm

Answer 12

Means Steels Helmets and was a parliamentary organisation that was formed in 1918 (pre-dating the Nazis). Young men and war veterans joined who were opposed to democracy and Weimar. By 1930, it had 500,000 members. in 1934, they were eventually convinced to ally with the Nazis and were renamed the League of National Socialist Frontline-fighters.

Question 13

Volksgemeinschaft

Answer 13

‘A people’s community’. Nazism stressed the development of a harmonious, socially unified and racially pure community.

Question 14

White-collar workers

Answer 14

Workers not involved in manual labour.