Ear-Middle

Question 1

When looking at the tympanic membrane, always look for what two features?

Answer 1

1. Manubrium of malleus
2. Cone of light
   “The bone and the cone”

Question 2

A benign tumor near the eardrum. Appears as a white mass behind or on eardrum (tympanic membrane).

Answer 2

Cholesteatoma

Question 3

Most cholesteatomas are due to _____

Answer 3

Repeated middle ear infections (otitis media)

Question 4

Common treatment for a cholesteatoma?

Answer 4

Surgical removal (to remove growth and reconstruct damaged ossicles or eardrum)

Question 5

The leading cause of pediatric visits to the medical doctor?

Answer 5

Otitis media

Question 6

What are the stipulations for a patient to be considered having CHRONIC otitis media?

Answer 6

3x within 6 months, or 4+ within a year.

Question 7

Pathophysiology of? Inflammation in the Eustachian tube leads to obstructed drainage of fluids produced in the middle ear - this allows bacteria or viruses that get into middle ear to grow. Eventually, inflammation due to infection causes increased fluid in middle ear to put pressure on the tympanic membrane and it bulges outward. This causes pain, decreased hearing, etc.

Answer 7

Otitis media

Question 8

What area outside the ear would there be pain in a patient w/otitis media?

Answer 8

Mastoid!

Question 9

When effusion from the middle ear is occurring, but there aren’t really any other symptoms (or at least they aren’t very significant), it can be referred to as:

Answer 9

Serous otitis media

Question 10

What does WASP stand for in medical terms?

Answer 10

Wait And See Prescription (wait 48 hours, re-assess)

Question 11

Scarring of the eardrum secondary to an acute severe MEI, or chronic/recurrent MEI’s

Answer 11

Tympanosclerosis (myringosclerosis)

Question 12

Otoscopically, tympanosclerosis can look a bit like _____

Answer 12

Cholesteatoma

Question 13

Most ruptured/perforated eardrum’s heal within __-__ weeks

Answer 13

4-8 weeks

Question 14

Due to risk of infection, ____ are often prescribed for a perforated eardrum

Answer 14

Antibiotics

Question 15

Abnormal bone growth of the ossicles (esp. the stapes)

Answer 15

Otosclerosis

Question 16

Otosclerosis usually occurs where specifically?

Answer 16

On stapes where it connects to oval window

Question 17

The main symptom of otosclerosis?

Answer 17

Hearing loss (occurs gradually)

Question 18

Otitis media is more common in ____ (gender), while otosclerosis is more common in _____

Answer 18

Males, females

Question 19

A common imaging technique used to diagnose otosclerosis?

Answer 19

CT Scan

Question 20

Treatment of otosclerosis?

Answer 20

Stapedectomy and prosthesis surgery (prosthetic artificial piston made of stainless steel replaces stapes bone)

Question 21

Sodium fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D supplementation have been found to help slow the progression of ______

Answer 21

Otosclerosis

Question 22

Injury to the ear from changes in air or water pressure

Answer 22

Barotrauma

Question 23

The most common cause of barotrauma is blockage or partial blockage of the _______

Answer 23

Eustachian tube