Behavioral Pharmacology

Question 1

the specific molecular changes that result from a drug binding to the target site or receptor is called….

Answer 1

Drug action

Question 2

the first-pass effect occurs with drugs that are taken

Answer 2

Orally

Question 3

Otto Loewi’s experiment with frog hearts was important because it demonstrated that

Answer 3

the idea of electrochemical impulses is correct

Question 4

Neurotransmitters/hormones are released into..

Answer 4

Synaptic cleft; bloodstream

Question 5

The first-pass effect occurs with orally administered drugs because

Answer 5

The drug is absorbed into the blood from the stomach, goes to the liver on the way to the general circulation

Question 6

Materials in the blood that are toxic trigger a vomiting response by activating the

Answer 6

area postrema

Question 7

the (blank) contains the nucleus, which in turn contains pairs of (blank)

Answer 7

Soma; chromosomes

Question 8

The most common type of synapse in the brain is the

Answer 8

axodendritic synapse

Question 9

In a myelinated axon, action potentials are regenerated at

Answer 9

at gaps in the myelin known as the Nodes of Ranvier

Question 10

Why are neuropharmacologists interested in the endocrine system

Answer 10

all of the above

Question 11

Ligands that have no effect on a receptor after binding are called

Answer 11

antagonists

Question 12

In order for a drug to have an effect, it must first bind to a

Answer 12

receptor

Question 13

Neurons rely on glial cells for

Answer 13

Metabolic support, insulation, and protection

Question 14

The area postrema and the median eminence represent areas in the brain where the

Answer 14

blood brain barrier is incomplete

Question 15

After chronic use, the need to administer more of a drug to achieve the same drug effect is known as

Answer 15

tolerance

Question 16

Selective blockage of terminal autoreceptors for dopamine would lead to what result?

Answer 16

an increase in neurotransmitter release

Question 17

the direct effect of depolarization of the presynaptic nerve terminal by the action potential is the

Answer 17

opening of voltage-gated calcium channels

Question 18

The term “hyperpolarization” refers to

Answer 18

movement of the resting potential farther from threshold

Question 19

Action potentials are first generated at the axon hillock because this is where (blank)

Answer 19

voltage-gated sodium channels

Question 20

the primary “input zone” of the neuron is generally considered to be the…

Answer 20

dendrites

Question 21

Define the sac-like structures in the presynaptic terminal and their contents

Answer 21

synaptic vesicles; neurotransmitter molecules

Question 22

Working memory can be enhanced by activation of (blank) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), while activation of (blank) in the PFC has detrimental effects on cognitive function

Answer 22

alpha-2; alpha-1

Question 23

How can norepinephrine be considered a hormone?

Answer 23

it is released from the adrenal glands into the general circulation

Question 24

One potential consequence of administration of an amino acid cocktail to human subjects is that

Answer 24

previously depressed patients who were recovered developed symptoms of depression if given a tryptophan-free cocktail

Question 25

The principal mechanism of action of MDMA is to

Answer 25

enhance serotonin release

Question 26

MDMA has recently been shown to improve clinical responses in patients undergoing treatment for

Answer 26

PTSD

Question 27

Activation of 5HT-1A serotonin receptors causes the neuronal membrane to be (blank) because (blank) channels are open

Answer 27

hyperpolarized; potassium

Question 28

A specific marker for serotonin cells is

Answer 28

tryptophan hydroxylase

Question 29

another name for serotonin is

Answer 29

5-hydroxytryptamine

Question 30

Of dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate, and epinephrine, which is not a catecholamine?

Answer 30

Glutamine

Question 31

knockout mice lacking the serotonin transporter SERT exhibit all of the following except

Answer 31

enhanced maternal behavior

Question 32

dopaminergic cell bodies in the VTA send projections to the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala via the (blank) dopamine pathway

Answer 32

Mesolimbic

Question 33

beta receptor antagonists can be used for treatment of hypertension as well as

Answer 33

anxiety

Question 34

activation of terminal autoreceptors inhibits dopamine release by

Answer 34

Decreasing calcium ion entry into the channel

Question 35

which drugs are useful due to their pharmacological ability to block monoamine reuptake?

Answer 35

Cocaine; tricyclic antidepressants

Question 36

After being synthesized, which protein is responsible for packing dopamine molecules into membrane packets for release?

Answer 36

Vesicular monoamine transporter

Question 37

Describe the most accurate representation of catecholamine synthesis

Answer 37

tyrosine–>DOPA–>dopamine–>norepinephrine

Question 38

The rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines is

Answer 38

tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 39

Most of the cell bodies that produce serotonin in the CNS are found in the

Answer 39

Raphe nuclei

Question 40

What is the major difference between D1 and D2 receptor subtypes?

Answer 40

One inhibits and the other stimulates adenylyl cyclase and cAMP.

Question 41

The dopamine pathway that is most important for regulating movement is the

Answer 41

nigrostriatal pathway