Protein

Question 1

How much protein do males need for these ages: 11-14, 15-18, 19-49, 50+?

This is not essential to your exam

Answer 1

11-14: 42.1g
15-18: 55.2g
19-49: 55.5g
50+: 53.3g

Question 2

How much protein do females need for these ages: 11-14, 15-18, 19-49, 50+?

This is not essential to your exam

Answer 2

41.2g
45g
45g
46.5g

Question 3

Name the four functions of protein

Answer 3

Growth of all body cells and tissue
Repair/maintenance of all body tissue
Making hormones, enzymes and antibodies
Provides an alternative/secondary energy source if there is no other carbohydrate or fat

Question 4

Describe the structure of proteins

Answer 4

Proteins are made from long chains of amino acids

Question 5

How many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 5

Around 20 different types found in animal and plant sources

Question 6

What are essential amino acids? How many are there?

Answer 6

Amino acids that can only be consumed by food and not through ‘rebuilding’ (proteins making them). There are 8 essential amino acids

Question 7

What happens when proteins are consumed?

Answer 7

The body breaks them down into amino acids and rebuilds them to form the proteins the body needs

Question 8

Define HBV proteins. Name some sources

Answer 8

Proteins that contain all 8 amino acids have a High Biological Value (HBV)
Meat, fish, dairy, eggs, soya and quinoa

Question 9

Define LBV proteins. Name some sources

Answer 9

Proteins that lack one or more essential amino acids have a low biological value (LBV)
Beans, pulses, nuts, seeds and cereals

Question 10

What is protein complementation and who might need it? Is it more or less expensive than buying a HBV protein source?

Answer 10

Combining plant based protein sources to consume all 8 essential amino acids. Vegetarians/Vegans as they don’t eat mea/animal products. It is less expensive than a HBV protein source

Question 11

Give some examples of protein complementation

Answer 11

Grains + legumes
Legumes+ nuts
Grains + dairy
Legumes + seeds

Question 12

Name some protein alternatives of animal proteins

Answer 12

Soya, quinoa, mycoproteins

Question 13

What is soya used in?

Answer 13

Textured Vegetable Protein (TVP), Tofu, soya milk

Question 14

What type of food are mycoproteins? What are they used in?

Answer 14

A type of fungus grown in special condition. Quorn Products

Question 15

Which disease is linked to a deficiency of protein and energy? What can it lead to?

Answer 15

Kwashiorkor. Poor growth, hair loss and infections.

Question 16

What happens if you have an excess of protein? Why can an excess lead to weight gain and obesity?

Answer 16

The kidneys and liver are affected. Protein which is not used as a secondary energy source is converted to fat and stored.