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Concrete > structural steel > Flashcards

structural steel Flashcards

1
Q

How much carbon does cast iron usually contain?

A

As much as it can hold = 4%

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2
Q

What is wrought iron?

A

iron that contains glassy inclusion and less that .08 % carbon.

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3
Q

What is steel?

A

Iron with generally less than 1% carbon in it.

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4
Q

What is pig iron?

A

Raw iron. usually 4-5% carbon, making it quite brittle. immediate product of smelting iron with coke and limestone in blast furnace.

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5
Q

What is the tensile strength of commercial mild steel?

A

60ksi

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6
Q

What is the tensile strength of cast iron?

A

10ksi - 40ksi and higher

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7
Q

What is the tensile strength of wrought iron?

A

20ksi - 40ksi

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8
Q

What defines a plate?

A

Sheet steel with width of more than 8” w/ thickness ranging from 1/4” or greater.

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9
Q

what are the 4 grades of PCC tensile strength?

A

40, 50, 60 & 75 KSI

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10
Q

How is rebar size indicated?

A

No. 4 rebar = 4/8 = 1/2” diameter

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11
Q

What does grade 60 mean for rebar?

A

Fy = 60,000 KSI

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12
Q

How to find are of rebar?

A

(barsize/9)^2

ie. #8 = (8/9)^2 = .79si
* Only applies to #8 or smaller.

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13
Q

How is welded wire reinforcement (WWR) sized?

A

6 x 12 - W12 x W5
Where: * 6 = longitudinal (length) spacing
* 12 = transverse (width) spacing
* W = smooth, D = deformed
* 12 & 5 = long & trans sizes (cross sectional area .12si & .05si)

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14
Q

What is required WWR placement?

A

Placed middle third of a 4”-6” slab, 2” below the surface is generally recommended.

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15
Q

Definition of structural design?

A

Determination of overall proportions and dimensions of the supporting framework and selection of individual members.

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16
Q

What is impact vs fatigue?

A

Impact are loads suddenly applied to the structure. Fatigue referes to loads applied and removed many times over the life of the structure.

17
Q

Pros and cons to welding.vs bolting

A 
Pros:
No need for munching/drilling
simplifies complicated joints
Cons: 
greater skilled required
more expensive
weld inspection expensive
18
Q

Pros and cons to bolting vs welding

A 
Pros:
Easy for job site installation
cheaper
Cons:
Requires drilling/punching
19
Q

Steel production process

A

1) reduction of iron or to pig iron
2) Refining pig iron to steel
3) reforming steel into products

20
Q

Define these organizations

A

AISI: american iron and steel institute
SAE: Society of automotive engineers
ASTM: America society of testing materials
AISC: American institute of steel construction
ASHTO: American association of state and highway transportation officials.

21
Q

materials used to produce pig iron.

A
  • coal - as coke - used to supply carbon.
  • Limestone - helps remove impurities
  • Iron ore - processed ore at start produced about 65% iron
  • Impurities (slag) float to top.
  • about 3.2 tons of raw materials to produce 1 ton of steel.
22
Q

Relationship B/W ductility and carbon

A

the more carbon, the less ductile.

23
Q

Types of furnaces used to refine pig iron or steel scrap.

A
  • Open Hearth (not used in us)
  • Basic oxygen
  • Electric arc
24
Q

What are the salvageable rates of recycled steel for basic oxygen and electric arc furnaces?

A

Basic oxygen = 25-35%

Electric arc = 95-100%

25
Q

3 types of ways to heat treat steel

A

1) Annealing
2) Normalizing
3) quenching

26
Q

What is Annealing treatment?

A

alter physical properties of material to increase its ductility toughness and reduce hardness

27
Q

What is Normalizing?

A

Higher strength than annealed steel. High strength and hardness. Used as corrective treatment.

28
Q

What is quenching?

A

Cooling metal in liquid to make very hard form of steel crystalline structure (martensite). Stronger that ferrite due to high carbon content.

29
Q

What properties are allow agents intended to serve?

A
  • hardness
  • corrosion resistance
  • machineability
  • ductility
  • srength
30
Q

Common allows for steel

A

Aluminum: removes oxyge
Chromium: Increases resistance to corrosion
Nickel: increase toughness
Copper: aids corrosion resistance
Manganese: Increases hardness
Silicon: improves toughness and hardness.

31
Q

What is the yield strength of steel?

A

Stress where plastic elongation of material has commenced.

32
Q

Yield point (upper yield strength)

A

stress at first 0 slope and the oneset of plastic deformation.

33
Q

Lower yield strength

A

Minimum stress recorded during discontinus yielding.

Concrete (11 decks)

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