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Physics GCSE AQA > P-1 Energy > Flashcards

P-1 Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy

A

The law of energy conservation is that energy cannot be created nor destroyed

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2
Q

What happens when a system changes

A

Energy is transferred

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3
Q

What is meant by work done

A

Work done is the total amount of energy transferred

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4
Q

What is a closed system

A

A closed system is a system where energy or matter can neither enter nor leave. The total transfer is always zero

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5
Q

What is a kinetic energy store

A
  • Anything that is moving has energy in its kinetic energy store
  • Energy is transferred to this store when an object speeds up. It is removed when an object slows down
  • IT depends on an objects mass and speed - greater the greater the store
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6
Q

What is the formula for Kinetic energy store

A

E(k)= 1/2MV2
where
Energy= 1/2 Mass x speed2

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7
Q

What is meant by gravitational potential energy

A
  • Lifting an object in a gravitational field requires energy
  • This causes a transfer of energy to the the gravitational potential energy of the object. The higher- the higher the store
  • Dependant on mass, height and strength of gravitational field
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8
Q

What is the equation in gravitational potential energy

A

E(p)= mph
Where
G.P.E= Mass x height x gravitational field strength

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9
Q

What is the relationship between G.P.E and Kinetic energy as an object falls

A
  • For a falling object with no air resistance

Energy lot from G.P.E = Energy gained in kinetic energy

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10
Q

What is Elastic potential energy

A
  • Stretching or squashing an object causes an energy to transfer energy to its Elastic potential store
  • This is directly proportionate until the limit of proportionality is exceeded
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11
Q

What is the equation for Elastic potential energy

A

E(e) = 1/2 ke2
where
Elastic potential = 1/2 spring constant extension 2

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12
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A
  • Specific heat capacity iOS the aunt of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of substance by 1oc
  • it is how hard something is to heat up
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13
Q

What is the equation for specific heat capacity

A

^E = mc^0
Where
Change in thermal energy = Mass x Specific heat capacity x Temperature energy §

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14
Q

What is power

A
  • Power is the rate of energy transfer or rate of doing work
  • Power is measured in Watts
  • 1 Watt = 1 joule of energy transferred per second
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15
Q

What are the equations for power

A

P=E/t where Power= Energy/time

P=W/t where power = Work done/ time

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16
Q

How can unwanted energy transfers be reduced

A
  • Lubrication - This causes a loss of heat energy by friction to take place
17
Q

What is thermal conductivity

A
  • Thermal conductivity is the measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material in this way.
  • Insulation in houses prevents the loss of heat energy
18
Q

What is Convection

A

Convection is when energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions

19
Q

What is efficiency

A
  • Efficiency is the proportion of useful energy transferred out of the overall transfer
  • No device can be 100% efficient - except electric heaters - All energy will end up as heat stores
20
Q

What is the calculation of efficiency

A
  • Efficiency= Useful output energy/ total energy transfer
21
Q

What are non renewable energy resources

A
  • Non renewable sources of energy are fossil fuels and nuclear fuel. They are typically burnt and will run out
  • Some examples are coal, oil and natural gas
22
Q

what are renewable source son energy

A
  • Renewable energy sources will never run out
  • They are typically less damaging to the environment
  • They often do not provide much energy or are unreliable
  • They include solar, wind., HEP, Bio-fuel- Geothermal
23
Q

Explain how wind energy works and the pros and cons

A
  • Wind energy is generated by wind turbines
  • Each turbines contains a generator. That rotating blades turn the generator and energy is produced
  • Cons- Spoil view, noisy, 1500 needs to replace on coal station . initial costs high
  • Pros- Natural, renewable, once set up low cost, no fuel costs , no permeant damage to landscape
24
Q
  • Explain how solar cells work and the pros and cons of it are
A
  • Solar cells generate electrical currents from sunlight
  • This is then convert into other forms of energy.
  • Cons- can’t meet demands, reliant on weather, only useful in some parts of world, initial costs high
  • Pros - Free after set up, making use of large rescue, in sunny countries fairly reliable, no pollution
25
Q

What is Geothermal power and what are the pros and cons of it

A
  • Geothermal power is makings of underground energy sources water poured over and steam generates heat energy
  • Pros- Reliable , more can be done to meet demands, can directly heat
  • Cons- Aren’t many suitable locations , costs high
26
Q

What is hydro-eclectic power and what are the pros and cons of it

A
  • Hydroelectric power usually requires the flooding of a dam and water is let out slowly through turbines
  • These turbines generate electricity,
  • Pros, provides immediate response, no pollution, reliable. no fuel costs
  • Cons- Initial cost high , damage to environment.
27
Q

What is wave power and what are the pros and cons

A
  • Lots of small wave powered turbines are placed around the coast
  • The moving turbines generate electricity
    -Pros- Minimal running costs, Useful on small islands
    Cons- High running costs, ruins sea bed, cannot be done on large scale, high cost
28
Q

What are Tidal Barrages and what are the pros and cons of them

A
  • Big dams are built across estuaries, with rubies built in
  • As the tide comes in and out there forced through the turbine and energy is generated
  • Pros- Bo pollution, low maintenance cost, reliable.
    Cons- High costs to start, presents boat access, spoils view
29
Q

What are biofuels

A
  • Biofuels are renewable energy rescues that a created from plant product and animal dung.
  • Cons- may not be carbon neutral, cost to refine high , forest has to cleared, Cannot meet energy demands immeditalu

Pros- Renewable, reliable

Physics GCSE AQA (8 decks)

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