Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Olfaction and the limbic system > Flashcards

Olfaction and the limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

How many different odours are there?

A

2000-4000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different types of cells of olfactory epithelium?

A

Bipolar olfactory neurons

Sustentacular cells

Basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Label the following diagram:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the key landmarks of the olfactory system?

A

Olfactory bulb (mitral cells)

Olfactory tract

Olfactory stria (medial and lateral)

Piriform cortex and orbitofrontal cortex

Connections to brainstem promote autonomic responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a clinical deficit of the olfactory system?

A

Anosmia

Prodromal auras- temporal lobe epilepsy pre-seizure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Label the following diagram:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the limbic system responsible for?

A

Processes aimed at survival of the individual.

Maintenance of homeostasis via activation of visceral effector mechanisms, modulation of pituitary hormone release and initiation of feeding and drinking.

Agonistic (defence and attack) behaviour.

Sexual and reproductive behaviour.

Memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

Rim or limbus of cortex adjacent to corpus callosum and diencephalon.

Structurally and functionally interrelated areas considered as a single functional complex.

System responsible for processes aimed at survival of the individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complete the following flow chart of the Papez circuit:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the main output pathway of the hippocampus?

A

Fornix.

Travels out of the inferior horn of the lateral ventrical (in ventrical floor), up and forward and down to the hypothalamus- specifically to mammillary bodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus?

A

MTT- mammillothalamic tract

Emotional expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the Papez circuit, what does the anterior nucleus of the thalamus project to?

A

Cingulate cortex- just above corpus callosum.

Emotional experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the Papez circuit, what does the cingulate cortex project to?

A

Hippocampus via cingulum bundles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three levels of emotional interaction in the Papez circuit?

A

Emotional colouring- neocortex

Emotional experience- cingulate cortex

Emotional expression- hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main connections of the hippocampus?

A

Afferent- perforant pathway

Efferent- fimbria/ fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the functions of the hippocampus?

A

Memory (short term) and learning.

17
Q

What conditions is the hippocampus clinically significant to?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

Epilepsy

18
Q

Label the following diagram:

A
19
Q

Describe the anatomical progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

A

Early:

  • hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
  • short-term memory problems

Moderate:

  • parietal lobe
  • dressing apraxia

Late:

  • frontal lobe
  • loss of executive skills
20
Q

What are the main connections of the amygdala?

A

Afferent- olfactory cortex, septum, temporal neocortex, hippocampus, brainstem

Efferent- stria terminalis

21
Q

What are the functions of the amygdala?

A

Fear and anxiety

Fight or flight

22
Q

Give an example of a condition in which the amygdala is clinically involved.

A

Bilateral damage- Kluver-Bucy syndrome.

23
Q

What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

A

Syndrome originally described in monkeys with bilateral temporal lobectomy.

Hyperorality

Loss of fear

Visual agnosia

Hypersexuality

24
Q

What structures have been experimentally shown to be associated with aggression?

A

Hypothalamus

Brainstem (periaqueductal grey)

Amygdala

5-HT in raphe nuclei

25
Q

What are the main connections of the septum?

A

Afferent- amygdala, olfactory tract, hippocampus, brainstem

Efferent- stria medularis thalami, hippocampus, hypothalamus

26
Q

What are the functions of the septum?

A

Reinforcement and reward

27
Q

Label the following diagram:

A

Neurology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions