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The Patient - pharmacology (Y2-1) > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What is asthma?

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways

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2
Q

Is inflammation as a result of asthma reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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3
Q

What are the common symptoms of asthma?

A

Shortness of breath
Wheeze
Dyspnoea

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4
Q

Asthma is often worse at night. True or false?

A

True

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5
Q

What are the aims of treatment of asthma?

A 
Minimise side effects
No need for rescue meds
Control symptoms, including nocturnal and exercise induced 
Prevent exacerbations 
Achieve best possible lung function
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6
Q

What is some of the non-pharmacological management for asthma?

A 
Avoid exposure to allergens
Stop smoking
Breastfeeding - reduces chances of baby developing 
Reduce weight if obese
Avoid NSAIDs and B-blockers
Avoid exercise in cold air
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7
Q

What is an example of a relieve inhaler?

A

Salbutamol

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8
Q

SABAs are relievers. True or false?

A

True

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9
Q

What is an example of a preventer inhaler?

A

Beclomethasone

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10
Q

ICS are preventers. True or false?

A

True

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11
Q

What is an example of a controlled inhaler?

A

Salmeterol

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12
Q

LABAs are controllers. True or false?

A

True

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13
Q

Co-ordination is needed for the use of nebulisers. True or false?

A

False

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14
Q

Formeterol is both a reliever and a controller true or false?

A

True

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15
Q

What are some of the ADRs for B-agonists?

A

Hypokalaemia
Tremor
Tachycardia
Peripheral vasodilation

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16
Q

Prednisolone is an inhaled corticosteroid. True or false?

A

False - oral

17
Q

What is the route of administration for beclomethasone?

A

Inhalation

18
Q

What is the route of administration for hydrocortisone?

A

IV

19
Q

Under what conditions is an ICS used?

A

Exacerbation of asthma in last 2 years
Using inhaled B2 agonist more than 3 times a week
Symptomatic more than 3 times a week
Waking 1 night per week

20
Q

Hoarseness is an ADR of oral corticosteroids. True or false?

A

False - inhaled

21
Q

Osteoporosis is an ADR of oral corticosteroids. True or false?

A

True

22
Q

Hyperglycaemia is an ADR of inhaled corticosteroids. True or false?

A

False - oral

23
Q

Does use of B2 agonists cause hyperkalaemia or hypokalaemia?

A

Hypokalaemia

24
Q

Give two examples of leukotriene antagonists

A

Montelukast

Zafirlukast

25
Q

Name 2 ADRs of leukotriene antagonists

A

Thirst
Rash
Sleep disturbance

26
Q

Theophylline belongs to which group of drugs?

A

Methylxanthines

27
Q

Theophylline is administered IV. True or false?

A

False - oral

28
Q

Methylxanthines have a narrow therapeutic window. True or false?

A

True

29
Q

What is the therapeutic range for methylxanthines?

A

10/20mg/ml

30
Q

What effect does smoking have on the clearance of methylxanthines?

A

It increases clearance and therefore reduces plasma levels of methylxanthines meaning an increased dose is needed for same therapeutic effect if patient smokes

31
Q

Obesity reduces the clearance and therefore increases the plasma levels of methylxanthines. True or false?

A

True

32
Q

Name a cromone used in the treatment of asthma.

A

Nedocromil

33
Q

Nedocromil is a preventer used in the treatment of which age group?

A

5-12 y/o

34
Q

Which immunosuppressants are used in the treatment of asthma?

A

Methotrexate and ciclosporin

35
Q

Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that is offered to all asthma patients. True or false?

A

False- patient has to meet specialist criteria

36
Q

How is omalizumab administered?

A

S/c

37
Q

PEF is independent of age, sex and height. True or false?

A

False - dependent

38
Q

What four features determine that asthma is severe?

A

PEF< 50%
ability to talk
RR >25
HR > 110

39
Q

What indicates that asthma is life-threatening?

A

PEF<50%
RR>25
HR > 110
PLUS: silent chest, bradycardia, confusion, difficulty speaking full sentences

The Patient - pharmacology (Y2-1) (18 decks)

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