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Clinical Pharmacology II > Antimalarial > Flashcards

Antimalarial Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two Plasmodium protozoans?

A

Plasmodium Vivax

Plasmodium Falciparum

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2
Q

What disease is Plasmodium associated with?

A

Malaria

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of Malaria?

A 
fever
chills
headaches
sweats
fatigue
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4
Q

When do the symptoms of Malaria appear?

A

9-40 days after infection

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5
Q

What stage does Chloroquine act on?

A

erythrocytic stage

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6
Q

ADRs of Chloroquine?

A

Bitter taste
Non-allergic pruritis (constant itching) of African descent
PROLONGED QTc
HEART BLOCK

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7
Q

What must you monitor with Chloroquine?

A

QTc
K+
Magnesium

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8
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Chloroquine?

A

liver

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9
Q

What stage does Atovaquone-Proguanil act on?

A

Erythrocytic AND exo-erythrocytic stages

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Atovaquone-Proguanil?

A 
Atovaquone = inhibits mitochondrial electron transport
Proguanil = inhibits dihydrofolate reductase required for deoxythmidylate (pyrimidine) synthesis

Disrupts DNA synthesis in malarial parasite

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11
Q

What are the ADRs of Atovaquone-Proguanil?

A 
Nausea/Vomiting
Insomnia
Headache
Mouth Ulcers
Hairloss
Thrombocytopenia
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12
Q

What must you monitor with Atovaquone-Proguanil?

A

CBC
SCr
BUN

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13
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Atovaquone-Proguanil?

A

REnal

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14
Q

What stage does Artemether-Lumefantrine act on?

A

erythrocytic stage

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Artemether-Lumefantrine?

A

both inhibit DNA and protein synthesis

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16
Q

What are the ADRs of Artemether-Lumefantrine?

A 
Nausea/Vomiting
Arthalgia
Headache
Sleep Disturbances
Weakness
Fever/Chills
QTc PROLONGATION
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17
Q

What must you monitor with Artemether-Lumefantrine?

A

QTc
K+
Magnesium

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18
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Artemether-Lumefantrine?

A

Liver

19
Q

What is the IV formulation of Artemether-Lumefantrine and where is it available?

A

Artesunate

From CDC

20
Q

What stage does Mefloquine act on?

A

erythrocytic stage

21
Q

What are the ADRs of Mefloquine?

A 
Nausea/Vomiting
Mood Changes
Strange Dreams
Insomnia
Convulsions
Prolonged Qtc
22
Q

What patients must you avoid use of Mefloquine in?

A

those with psychiatric disorders or seizure disorders

23
Q

What must you monitor with Mefloquine?

A

Qtc
K+
Magnesium

24
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Mefloquine?

A

Liver

25
Q

What stage does Primaquine work on?

A

exoerythrocytic stage

26
Q

What are the ADRs of Primaquine?

A

Nausea/Vomiting

27
Q

What must you monitor with Primaquine?

A

CBC

28
Q

What must you get when using Primaquine?

A

initial G6PD screen

29
Q

What patients can you NOT use Primaquine with?

A

patients with G6PD deficiency/Hemolytic Anemia

30
Q

What stage does Quinine work on?

A

Erythrocytic stage

31
Q

What are the ADRs of Quinine?

A 
Tinnitus
headache
visual disturbances
hemolytic anemia
arrythmias
hypoglycemia
32
Q

What must you monitor with Quinine?

A

CBC

33
Q

What must you get when using Quinine?

A

initial G6PD screen

34
Q

What patients can you NOT use Quinine in?

A

those with G6PD deficiency

35
Q

What stage does doxycycline work in?

A

erythrocytic stage

36
Q

What is the MOA of doxycycline?

A

inhibits protein synthesis

37
Q

What are the ADRS of doxycycline?

A

Hepatotoxicity
Photosensitivity
Enamel agenesis
Vestibular toxicity

38
Q

What must you monitor with Doxycycline?

A

LFTs

39
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Doxycycline?

A

Liver

40
Q

What stage does Clindamycin work on?

A

Erythrocytic stage

41
Q

What is the MOA of Clindamycin?

A

inhibits protein synthesis

42
Q

What are the ADRs of Clindamycin?

A

Nausea/Vomiting

Diarrhea (C.diff)

43
Q

What must you dose adjust for with Clindamycin?

A

Liver

Clinical Pharmacology II (25 decks)

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