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LX0-103 > Locations - Reverse > Flashcards

Locations - Reverse Flashcards

1
Q

~/.bash_history

A

the bash history

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2
Q

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc

typically you don’t edit this file

A

rpm main configuration file

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3
Q

/etc/rpmrc
create it if it doesn’t exist
The main reason to create such a file is to implement architecture optimizations—for instance; to optimize your code for your CPU model by passing appropriate compiler options when you build a source RPM into a binary RPM. This is done with the optflags line:
optflags: athlon -O2 -g -march=i686

A

rpm global configuration file for editing

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4
Q

∼ /.rpmrc
create it if it doesn’t exist
The main reason to create such a file is to implement architecture optimizations—for instance; to optimize your code for your CPU model by passing appropriate compiler options when you build a source RPM into a binary RPM. This is done with the optflags line:
optflags: athlon -O2 -g -march=i686

A

rpm per user configuration file for editing

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5
Q

/etc/yum.conf
holds basic options; such as the directory to which Yum downloads RPMs and where Yum logs its activities. Chances are that you won’t need to modify this file

A

yum configuration file

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6
Q

/etc/yum.repos.d/
You probably shouldn’t directly edit these files; instead; if you want to add a repository; you should manually download the RPM that includes the repository configuration and install it using rpm . The next time you use Yum; it will access your new repository along with the old ones

A

yum additional configuration files

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7
Q

/etc/apt/sources.list

okay to modify

A

apt repository configuration

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8
Q

/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg or ∼/.dpkg.cfg

A

The main configuration file for dpkg

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9
Q

/etc/apt/apt.conf

BIND formatting

A

controls apt and dselect options

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10
Q

/var/lib/dpkg

A

the debian installed file database

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11
Q

/etc/ld.so.conf

Generally speaking; there’s seldom a need to change the library path system wide

A

library path

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12
Q

/lib and /usr/lib

These directories are always on the library path; even if they aren’t listed in ld.so.conf .

A

trusted library directories

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13
Q

/etc/ld.so.cache

A

shared library cache

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14
Q

/proc/interrupts
virtual filesystem
only shows an entry after a driver that uses the interrupt is loaded

A

interrupts

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15
Q

/dev/ttyS0

A

Windows name COM1, IRQ 4

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16
Q

/dev/ttyS1

A

Windows name COM2; IRQ 3

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17
Q

/dev/ttyS2

A

Windows name COM3; IRQ 4

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18
Q

/dev/ttyS3

A

Windows name COM4; IRQ 3

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19
Q

/dev/lp0

A

Windows name LPT1; IRQ 7

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20
Q

/dev/lp1

A

Windows name LPT2; IRQ 5

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21
Q

/dev/fd0

A

Windows name A:; IRQ 6

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22
Q

/dev/fd1

A

Windows name B:; IRQ 6

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23
Q

/proc/ioports

A

what I/O addresses the computer is using

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24
Q

/proc/dma

A

what DMA channels your system uses

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25
Q

/sys

A

sysfs virtual filesystem, contains information about devices so that user-space utilities can access the information

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26
Q

/dev

A

a place where dynamic device files as drivers are loaded and unloaded; necessitated by hotplug devices

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27
Q

/lib/modules

A

kernel module files; kernel drivers for hardware

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28
Q

/proc/modules

A

currently loaded kernel modules

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29
Q

/etc/modprobe.conf
or
/etc/modprobe.d/

A

modprobe configuration

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30
Q

/proc/bus/usb

A

connected usb devices

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31
Q

/dev/mapper

A

where logical volumes for LVM are mapped to names

32
Q

swap partition (mounted with swapon to /swap)

A

Serves as an adjunct to system RAM. It is slow but enables the computer to run more or larger programs.

33
Q

/home partition

A

Holds users’ data files. Isolating it on a separate partition preserves user data during a system upgrade. Size depends on the number of users and their data storage needs.

34
Q

/boot partition

A

Holds critical boot files. Creating it as a separate partition lets you circumvent limitations of older BIOSs and boot loaders; which often can’t boot a kernel from a point above a value between 504MiB and 2TiB.

35
Q

/usr partition

A

Holds most Linux program and data files; this is sometimes the largest partition; although /home is larger on systems with many users or if users store large data files. Changes implemented in 2012 are making it harder to create a separate /usr partition in many distributions

36
Q

/usr/local partition

A

Holds Linux program and data files that are unique to this installation; particularly those that you compile yourself

37
Q

/opt partition

A

Holds Linux program and data files that are associated with third- party packages; especially commercial ones

38
Q

/var partition

A

Holds miscellaneous files associated with the day-to-day functioning of a computer. These files are often transient in nature. Most often split off as a separate partition when the system functions as a server that uses the /var directory for server-related files like mail queues.

39
Q

/tmp partition

A

Holds temporary files created by ordinary users.

40
Q

/mnt partition

A

Not a separate partition; rather; it or its subdirectories are used as mount points for removable media like CDs and DVDs.

41
Q

/media partition

A

Holds subdirectories that may be used as mount points for removable media; much like /mnt or its subdirectories.

42
Q

/etc/fstab

A

the partitions that are mounted on boot and their mount points

43
Q

/etc/mtab

A

a list of filesystems linux has mounted; don’t edit it

44
Q

/

A

root directory

45
Q

/boot

A

contains static and unshareable files related to the computer’s initial booting. Higher-level startup and configuration files reside in another directory; /etc . In this directory; you will find GRUB or LILO configuration files along with the other files necessary for the initial boot. typically; it is recommended that you store /boot on its own partition.

46
Q

/etc

A

contains unshareable and static system configuration files. These higher-level startup and configuration files control the various programs and services offered on a system
If the Linux distribution uses SysV system initialization; its configuration files are stored here

47
Q

/bin

A

contains certain critical executable files; such as ls ; cp ; and mount . These commands are accessible to all users and constitute the most important commands that ordinary users might issue
static files; almost never shared

48
Q

/sbin

A

similar to /bin ; but it contains programs that are normally run only by the system administrator—tools like fdisk and e2fsck . It’s static and theoretically shareable; but in practice it makes no sense to share it

49
Q

/lib

A

similar to /bin and /sbin ; but it contains program libraries. Program libraries consist of code that’s shared across many programs and stored in separate files to save disk space and RAM.
is static and theoretically shareable; although it’s not shared in practice

50
Q

/usr

A

hosts the bulk of a Linux computer’s programs. Its contents are shareable and static; so it can be mounted read-only and may be shared with other Linux systems. For these reasons; many administrators split /usr off into a separate partition; although doing so isn’t required

51
Q

/usr/local

A

mirror the organization of /usr
osts files that a system administrator installs locally—for instance; packages that are compiled on the target computer. The idea is to have an area that’s safe from automatic software upgrades when the OS as a whole is upgraded.
Some system administrators split this off into its own partition to protect it from OS reinstallation procedures that might erase the parent partition.

52
Q

/usr/share/man

A

stores the manual pages used by the man command

53
Q

/usr/X11R6

A

houses files related to the X Window System (X for short); Linux’s GUI environment.
often moved to /usr/bin

54
Q

/opt

A

intended for ready-made packages that don’t ship with the OS; such as commercial word processors or games.
static and shareable
Some system administrators break it into a separate partition

55
Q

/home

A

contains users’ data; and it’s shareable and variable

56
Q

/root

A

home directory of the root user

variable; not shareable

57
Q

/var

A

contains transient files of various types—system log files; print spool files; mail and news files; and so on
variable; some subfolders are shareable and some are not
Many system administrators put /var in its own partition; particularly on systems that see a lot of activity in /var ; like major Usenet news or mail servers.

58
Q

/tmp

A

temporary files

variable; seldom shared

59
Q

/mnt

A

removable-media devices

60
Q

/media

A

like /mnt ; but it should contain subdirectories for specific media types

61
Q

/dev

A

files that represent devices

62
Q

/proc

A

virtual filesystem that’s created dynamically by Linux to provide access to certain types of hardware information that aren’t accessible via /dev

63
Q

/etc/updatedb.conf

A

the configuration file for updatedb used by locate

64
Q

/boot/efi

A

EFI System Partition (ESP)

65
Q

/boot/grub/menu.lst

/boot/grub/grub.conf

A

grub legacy configuration file

66
Q

/boot/grub/grub.cfg

do not edit

A

grub 2 configuration file

67
Q

etc/grub.d/

A

grub 2 OS probers

68
Q

/etc/default/grub

A

grub 2 menu configuration

69
Q

/var/log/messages

A

syslogd output

70
Q

/var/log/syslog

A

i think this is also syslogd output

71
Q

/sbin/init

A

the first program run by the kernel

72
Q

/etc/inittab

id: runlevels:action:process
e. g.
l0: 0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0
l1: 1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1

A

the programs the init script is supposed to run when changing runlevels
also specifies the default runlevel

73
Q

/etc/init.d/rc

or /etc/rc.d/rc

A

the program that runs all of the scripts associated with the desired runlevel

74
Q

/etc/rc.d/rc?.d
or /etc/init.d/rc?.d or /etc/rc?.d
S* scripts are started
K* scripts are stopped

A

scripts that are run by rc when the runlevel changes

75
Q

/lib/systemd/system

A

configuration files for systemd

76
Q

/etc/init/

A

Upstart and it’s scripts

LX0-103 (9 decks)

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