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Part 2/3 boards > Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

osteochondroma

A

MC benign bone tumor of the appendicular skeleton
either pedunculated (coat hanger exostosis/cauliflower) or sessile
20% undergo malingnancy

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2
Q

multiple osteochrondroma

A

hereditary multiple exostosis

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3
Q

unicameral bone cyst

A

Simple bone cyst

diaphyseal/metaphyseal location, centrally located, <20yo

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4
Q

aneuysmal bone cyst

A

diaphyseal/metaphyseal location, eccentrically located, <20yo

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5
Q

giant cell tumor

A

epiphyseal/metaphyseal location, 20-40yo, 20% of the time quasi-malignant

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6
Q

chondroblastoma

A

epipyseal/metaphyseal location, <20yo

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7
Q

osteoid osteoma

A

nightpain releived by aspirin

radiolucent central nidus with severe reactive sclerosis

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8
Q

brodie’s abscess

A

AKA chronic osteomyelitis

night pain relieved by aspirin; appears like an osteoid osteoma

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9
Q

enchondroma

A

MC BBT of hand. may have a stippled appearance

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10
Q

enchroncroma with soft tissue calcification

A

Maffucci’s syndrome

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11
Q

multiple enchrondromas

A

ollier’s disease

10-50% malignant degeneration

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12
Q

hemangioma

A

MC BBT of spine

will appear with vertical striations (corduroy cloth appearane)

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13
Q

enostoma

A

bone island

round or oblong radiopaque lesion

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14
Q

osteopoiklilosis

A

multiple bone islands

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15
Q

osteoblastoma

A

MC BBT to affect neural arch

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16
Q

osteoma

A

MC BBT of skull

MC found in frontal sinus and best seen on the Caldwell projection

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17
Q

fibrous dysplasia

A

monostotic form (70%) associated “rind sign”
pollystotic form (30%)
physiologic resorption of normal bone replaced by fibrous tissue
causes saber shin tibia, shepard’s rook, ground glass appearance, cafe au lait spots, coast of Maine appearance

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18
Q

neurofibromatosis

A

familial history
patient may present with scoliosis, cervical kyphosis, vertebral body scalloping with IVF enlargement
cafe au lait spot
coast of Maine appearance

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19
Q

multiple myeloma

A

> 50, cachexia, weight loss, anemia, most common primary malignancy of bone, malignant proliferation of plasma cells infiltrating bone marrow
normocytic normochromic
multiple diark densities that are similar in size (punched out lesions), can cause pathological collapse
rain drop skull

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20
Q

labs associated wtiht mulitple myeloma

A 
M spike on immunoelectrophoresis
reversal of A/G ratio
bence-Jones proteinuria
elevated ESR
cold bone scan
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21
Q

metastatic disease

A

lytic and blastic

most common malignnant tumor of bone

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22
Q

lytic metastasis

A

> 40yo recent unexplained weight loss, skeletal pain worse at night
trabeculae reabsorbed turn the bone karder in color. moth eaten or permeative pattern of destrucion
“eats” pedicle of bone
swiss cheese appearance in skull

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23
Q

labs associated with kytic metastasis

A

alkaline phosphatase

hot bone scan

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24
Q

hodgkin’s disease

A

most common form of metastasis in ages 20-40
ivory white vertebrae with anterior body scalloping
unilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in causasian males seen in PA chest view
need biopsy to confirm (reed sternberg cells)

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25
Q

blastic metastasis

A

> 40yo ivory white vertebrae; no cortical thickening or bone enlargement
labs: increased aklaline phosphatase
hot bone scan

26
Q

paget’s

A

males >50yo
stages: lytic/destructive, combined, sclerotic, malignant(osteosarcoma)
causes cortical thickening, picture frame vertebrae, increased bone density, coarsened trabeculae, bone expansion, bowing deformities, pelvic bim thickening, osteoporosis circumscripta

27
Q

labs for paget’s

A

increased alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline

hot bone scan

28
Q

osteosarcoma

A

MC malignancy found in children 10-30yo

causes a periosteal reaction that is spiculated/radiating/sunburst in appearance

29
Q

labs for osteosarcoma

A

increased alkalkine phosphatase

bone scan

30
Q

chondrosarcoma and fibrosarcoma

A

> 400 creates a spiculated/radiating/sunburst periosteal reaction of bone

31
Q

ewing’s sarcoma

A

10-25yo MC found in diaphysis of long bones
permeative lesion taht causes a milti-paralleled onion skin (laminated) type of periosteal reaction
bone expansion
codman’s triangle, saucerization

32
Q

chordoma

A

> 40yo aberrant notochordal cell tumor. MC found in sacrum, second most commonlocation is in the skull

33
Q

scoliosis

A

females 13-19, named for side of major convexity

34
Q

types of scoliosis

A

rotatory (spinouses deviate to concavity

simple scoliosis-spinouses deviate to convexity

35
Q

lines of mensuration for scoliosis

A

cobb’s and risser ferguson’s

36
Q

scoliosis measurements for 25 years and younger

A

under 20 degrees: adjust and monitor
21-40 degrees: send to orthopedist for bracing (Milwaukee)
over 40 degrees: surgical consultation
over 50 degrees: cardio-pulmonary compromise and DJD

37
Q

how to monitor scoliosis

A

risser’s sign

wrist films

38
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

symmetrical distribution, bilateral uniform loss of joint space, rat biet erosions, pannus formation, localized periarticular osteoporosis, DIP spared, atlanto-axial instability

39
Q

signs/labs with RA

A

haygarth’s
swan neck, boutonniere deformity
ulnar or fibular deviation (Lanois deformity)
baker’s cyst
labs: +RA latex, +FANA, +ESR, +CRP, normocytic normochromic anemia

40
Q

AS (Marie Strumpell)

A

males 15-35yo, low back pain with morning stiffness. starts in SIjoints
associated with iritis

41
Q

orthopedics for AS

A

chest expansion, forester’s bowstring, lewin supine

42
Q

radiographic signs for AS

A 
bilateral SI joint fusion
shiny corner sign
bilaterl marginal syndesmophytes
squaring of vertebral bodies
bamboo spine
dager sign
trolley track sign
poker spine
carrot stick fracutre
43
Q

labs for AS

A

+HLA B27

+ESR

44
Q

enteropathic arthropathy

A

identical to AS in pelvis with GIdysfunction

45
Q

psoriatic arthritis

A

males 20-50
silver scaly lesions on extensors, pitted mails, cocktail sausage digits
increase in joint space, mouse ear deformity, pencil in cup deformity, ray sign, atlanto-axial instability, non-marginal syndesmophytes in the spine
+HLA B27

46
Q

reactive arthritis

A

males 20-30
urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis, caused by chlamydia
calcaneal spur, fluffy periostitis, non-maringal syndesmophytes in apine
+HLA B27

47
Q

SLE

A

females, sunlight precipitates a skin rash, ural ulcers, discoid lesion, alopecia, raynaud’s phenomenon
can cause ulnar deviation of phalanges with no joint destruction
positive rebound effect

48
Q

labs for SLE

A

+LE prep, +FANA, +FA latex, +ESR, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
co manage with rheumatologist

49
Q

scerloderma

A

females 30-50yo
associated with erosions of teh distal tufts of the phlaanges (acro-osteolysis)
associated with CRESTsyndrome

50
Q

labs associated with Scleroderma

A

+FANA, +RA latex (30%)

51
Q

osteitis condensans ilii

A

multiparous females, 204-yo
bilateral/symmetric triangular sclerotic area on the lower half of the ilium. joint space is normal
self resolving, no labs
case management:trochanteric belt for stability

52
Q

DJD

A

non-inflammatory, MC involves weight bearing joints
usually stiffens with rest and improves with activity
complications: spinal stensosis, IVF encroachment, MC site in spine is C5/6

53
Q

DJD in spine

A

IVD narrowing, osteophytes, edplate sclerosis

54
Q

DJD in hand

A

heberden’s nodes
decresed joint space with sclerosis
asymmetrical distribution, non-uniform loss of space

55
Q

DJD in hip

A

decreased superolateral joint space with sclerosis

56
Q

knee DJD

A

decreased medial joint space with lateral space preserved

57
Q

DISH

A

males>40 with neck stiffness or pain onswallowing
associated with diabetes mellitus
can cause ossification of PLL, and ALL

58
Q

radiographic findings of DISH

A

flowing hyperostosis, candle wax drippings, 4 contiguous segments involved, disc space preserved

59
Q

neurogenic arthropathy (charcot’s joint)

A

secondary to imparied sensory function in joints

seen in diabetes tabes dorsalis, syphilis, syringomelia

60
Q

6Ds common in weight bearing joints

A

distention, density of subchondral sclerosis, debris within joint, dislocation, disorganization, destuction of bone

61
Q

synoviochondrometaplasia

A

MC joint affected is knee

results i multiple loose bodies within the joint that ar round or ovoid in shape

Part 2/3 boards (16 decks)

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