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APP > Whitney Renal Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Whitney Renal Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Two distinguishing factors of Malignant Nephrosclerosis

A
  1. Thick onion layers around vasculature

2. Over 130 Dia with lots of signs of renal failure

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2
Q

Focal renal disease

A

Affects few glomeruli

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3
Q

When do symptoms show for ADPKD?

A

30 and up

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4
Q

3 things you may notice in Chronic Glomerulonephritis

A
  1. Thin Cortex with cysts
  2. Lots of Tubular Casts
  3. Lots of Sclerosis
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5
Q

2 Main Tubular/Interstitial Diseases

A
  1. Acute Pyelonephritis: Non-Glomeruli infection that hits the renal pelvis with neutros
  2. Chronic Pyelonephritis: Prolonged infection/obstruction scar parenchyma usually get renal backflow
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6
Q

Local/Segmental renal disease

A

Affects small portion of glomerulus

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7
Q

What is a Wilms Tumor and how does it present?

A
  • kidney tumor from blastemal tissue growth

- Intestinal impingement may cause constipation, fever, and increased bp.

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8
Q

Nephritic Syndrome main cause and mnemonic

A
  1. Driven by Glomerular Capillary Rupture

2. “Less Urine more messy”

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9
Q

Distinguishing factor of Acute Pyelonephritis

A

Lots of neutrophils in the renal pelvis with widened interstitium.

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10
Q

4 Nephrotic syndromes

A
  1. Membranous Glomerulonephritis: immune makes bm thick
  2. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: mesangial cells inflammation response making bm thick
  3. Minimal Change: unknown immune trigger altering GBM charge/causing fusion
  4. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: faulty cardio system/ HTN play some role
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11
Q

Most Nephrotic and Nephritic disorders are treated by______.

A

Steroids

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12
Q

Two facts about IgA Nephropathy? (Nephritic)

A
  1. Most common renal disease worldwide

2. IgA buildup in the mesangium

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13
Q

Best treatment for diabetic nephropathy?

A

ACE Inhibitors and Dialysis

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14
Q

Two mechanisms of Diabetic Nephropathy

A
  1. Non-enzymatic glycosylation

2. POLYOL tissue swelling

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15
Q

Describe what you see with a light microscope with Minimal Change disease.

A

Nothing. You need SEM to see foot process fusion.

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16
Q

2 Distinguishing factors of Chronic Pyelonephritis

A
  1. Commonly ascending infections cause Urine backflow b/c Vesicoureteral valve gets messed up
  2. Occasionally hemtagoneous infections end up causing this

(This all happens when there is obstruction or cyst that raises bladder pressure)

17
Q

Which 5 kidney diseases can target children?

A
  1. Membranoproliferative Glomerulanephritis
  2. Minimal Change Disease
  3. Acute-Proliferative Glom.Nephritis
  4. PKD
  5. Wilms Tumor
18
Q

Which 3 kidney diseases are not cured by steroids? (Include ones with no known treatment)

A
  1. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
  2. Chronic Glomerulonephritis
  3. All Renal/Vasculature disorders
19
Q

Two distinguishing factors of Benign Nephrosclerosis

A
  1. Onion layers around vasculature

2. Lots of BS b/c Glom wrinkles

20
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome 4 Main symptoms that cascade from Proteinuria and Hypoalbuminemia

A
  1. Hypercoagulability
  2. Less Igs
  3. Edema
  4. Hyperlipoproteinemia
21
Q

Two key distinguishing factors of Membranoproliferative Glomerularnephritis

A
  1. Very little Bowman’s Space

2. Doughnut double membrane capillaries

22
Q

What effect does arPKD have on patients’ urine?

A

Leaves it dilute b/c the collecting ducts get hit hard.

23
Q

Global renal disease

A

Affects entire Glomeruli

24
Q

3 Main Renal Blood vessel Diseases

A
  1. Benign Nephrosclerosis: Small onion layers compressing around vasculature usually asymptomatic
  2. Malignant Nephrosclerosis: Big onion layers compressing around vasculature
  3. Diabetic Nephropathy: Tissue damage b/c HTN and Hyperglycemia with lots of scarring and narrowing
25
Q

How long do arPKD patients live?

A

1 or 2 years

26
Q

Are endogenous or exogenous immune complexes present in Membranous Glomerulonephritis?

A

Endogenous, it’s the body attacking self!

27
Q

Hydronephrosis

A
  • Distention of kidney usually because of obstruction
  • Dilated tubules are permanent and ARE still FUNCTIONAL
  • Chronic could lead to acute renal failure
28
Q

3 Nephritic Disorders

A
  1. Acute proliferative: non-kidney disease (strep) causes immune complexes to build up and results in rupture!
  2. IgA Nephropathy (Berger): IgA builds up and causes rupture!
  3. Chronic Glomerulonephritis: Long-term late stage everything gets wrecked.
29
Q

6 main signs of nephritic Syndrome

A
  1. P proteinuria
  2. H hematuria
  3. A azotemia
  4. R rbc casts
  5. O oliguria
  6. H hypertension
30
Q

Diffuse renal disease

A

Affects many glomeruli

31
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome two main causes

A
  1. Driven by altered Glom. Permeability

2. Usually inflammation of antigen either endo or exogenous

32
Q

Proliferative Renal Disease

A

Growth upon Podocyte, Mesangial, and Endothelial cells

33
Q

Key distinguishing factor in Acute Proliferative Renal disease? (Nephritic)

A

A butt-load of neutrophils inside the glomerulus.

34
Q

Which 6 kidney diseases are mainly seen in adults?

A
  1. Membranous Glom.nephritis
  2. Focal Segmental Glom.Sclerosis
  3. Chronic Glom.Nephritis
  4. Neph.Sclerosis
  5. Diabetic Nephropathy
  6. Clear Cell carcinoma
35
Q

Renal Tubular and interstitial diseases are driven by _____

A

Back-leak of filtration on damaged epithelium

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