Mechanisms of sports trauma- Chapter 6

Question 1

Compression (together) injury

Answer 1

• crushes tissue
• occurs when force can no longer be absorbed
• ex. fractures, contusions

Question 2

Tension (apart) injury

Answer 2

force that pulls/stretches tissue

• stretching beyond yielding point
• ex. sprains(ligaments), strains(muscles, tendons), avulsion fractures (pulling away of bone)

Question 3

Shearing injury

Answer 3

• force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue
• ex. blisters, vertebral disk injuries

Question 4

Acute injury

Answer 4

-sudden onset

Question 5

chronic injury

Answer 5

• usually come with slow progression over a long period of time
• repeated acute conditions
• poor performance techniques

Question 6

transverse fracture

Answer 6

horizontal break

Question 7

spiral fracture

Answer 7

torn in half by twisting force or impact

Question 8

oblique fracture

Answer 8

angle break through the bone

Question 9

comminuted fracture

Answer 9

“splinter” of bone into two or more fragments

Question 10

greenstick fracture

Answer 10

one side of bone broke, the other bent

Question 11

impacted fracture

Answer 11

broken ends jammed together by force of injury

Question 12

contrecoup fracture

Answer 12

injury occurs on opposite side of hit

Question 13

avulsion fracture (acute)

Answer 13

• ligamentous attachment pulled away from bone

- tendinous attachment pulled away

Question 14

longitudinal fracture

Answer 14

occurs along or nearly along axis of bone

Question 15

depressed fracture

Answer 15

bone depressed below surface

Question 16

stress fracture

Answer 16

• develops from overuse rather than acute trauma

- does not usually show up on x-rays right away

Question 17

subluxation

Answer 17

bone pops out of normal alignment and then goes right back into place

Question 18

dislocation

Answer 18

at least 1 bone forced out of normal alignment and stays out until put back
-1st time dislocations MUST be treated as fracture

Question 19

sprain (acute)

Answer 19

• joint forced beyond normal anatomical limits
• synovial joint injury
• affects ligaments or capsule

Question 20

grades of sprains

Answer 20

1- least severe, some stretching
2- moderate, some tearing
3- most severe, total tearing

Question 21

contusions (bruise)

Answer 21

• severity determined by amount of ROM affected

- speed of healing depends on tissue damage

Question 22

strains

Answer 22

stretch, tear, rip in muscle or tendon
3 grades
-1 local pain, increased with tension, mild rom loss
-2 same as g1 with moderate s/s of impaired muscle function
-3 loss of muscle function, palpable defect

Question 23

-itis

Answer 23

inflammation of

Question 24

tendinitis

Answer 24

inflammation of tendon-muscle attachments, tendon, or both

Question 25

tenosynovitis

Answer 25

inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding the tendon

Question 26

bursitis

Answer 26

inflammation of a bursa

-fluid filled sac that aids in reducing friction in joints

Question 27

osteoarthritis

Answer 27

degeneration of the articular or hyaline cartilage

Question 28

crepitus

Answer 28

cracking sound

Question 29

tendons

Answer 29

muscle to bone

Question 30

ligaments

Answer 30

bone to bone