Exam 2: Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

When does pregnancy begin?

A

implantation

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2
Q

what is the window of ideal fertility?

A

Days 9-15 of the menstrual cycle

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3
Q

what is the average failure rate of barrier methods?

A

about 10-20 percent

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4
Q

What is the average failure rate of pills/rings/patches that are E/P or P only?

A

<10%

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5
Q

what is the average failure rate of IUDs, tubal ligation, vasectomy, progesterone implant?

A

less than <1%

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6
Q

what is contraindicated in a breastfeeding woman?

A

estrogen-containing contraception

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7
Q

what are the three ways progestin acts as contraception?

A
  1. hormonal feedback that prevents LH surge
  2. thick cervical mucous that forms a barrier
  3. atrophic endometrium
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8
Q

what is the reason people frequently stop progesterone depot?

A

weight gain (10-15 lbs/year)

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9
Q

E/P pills are contraindicated in patients

A

with hypertension

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10
Q

what’s the danger of giving unopposed estrogen (estrogen alone)?

A

endometrial cancer

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11
Q

what does estrogen do that acts as contraception?

A

FSH suppression

altered tubular transport of sperm

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12
Q

what are multiphasic OCPs?

A

dose of E or P mimics natural cycle levels

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13
Q

what are common side effects of E/P pills?

A

lower libido

headache

acne, oily skin

hirsutism

hair loss

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14
Q

what is the window where a woman can use emergency contraception after sex to prevent pregnancy?

A

120 hours (5 days)

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15
Q

what are contraindications to getting an IUD?

A

current STI (gonorrhea or chlamydia)

unexplained uterine bleeds

large deforming fibroids

Wilson’s disease or copper allergy (for copper IUDs)

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16
Q

your patient with an IUD comes to the office because she can’t find her strings. You can’t either. What do you do next?

A

ultrasound

17
Q

how does emergency contraception act?

A

by delaying ovulation

18
Q

What is the cut off for a short acting vs a long acting birth control method?

A

Lasts less than 3 months vs more than 3 months

19
Q

When is estrogen used as a single agent?

A

HRT

after oophrectomy

during menopause (usually for 5 years or less)

hirsutism

amenorrhea

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

20
Q

when is estrogen never used as a single agent?

A

contraception

21
Q

where are estogens produced before ovulation

A

in the follicle by theca and granulosa cells

22
Q

Where are estrogens produced after ovulation

A

In the corpus luteum by the luteinized granulosa and theca cells

23
Q
A