PPT 11 - Exam 3

Question 1

Islam

Answer 1

Originated in Arabia

Religion formed by the prophet Mohammed

5 basic truths accepted by the Islamic worshippers

• believe in the oneness of God (allah)
• pray 5 times a day
• fast from sunrise to sun set during Ramadan
• make at least one pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca (only if health/wealth permitting)

Question 2

Ka’ba

Answer 2

Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Ca. 630

One of the earliest Islamic shrines
Built long before it was transformed into an Islamic shrine
Space around it was cleared to allow for circular processor (circumambulation) around the stone

Question 3

Dome of the rock

Answer 3

Jerusalem, Israel
687-691
3rd most important pilgrimage spot after Mecca and Medina
Located on mont moriah where Abraham offered to sacrifice his son to God

Question 4

Mosque elements

Answer 4

An Islamic house of prayer

Design influenced by

• Mohamed’s house in Medina
• Christian churches
• Persian imperial audience halls

Question 5

Great mosque of Damascus

Answer 5

(706-15)

Oldest existing mosque

Question 6

Regional variation in mosque design

Answer 6

Columnar or hypostyle mosques - specific in Arabia, North Africa, Spain

Iwan mosques - specific in Iran, Central Asia (Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, turkmenistan)

Multi-domed mosques - specific in turkey

Question 7

Great mosque of al-Mutawakkil

Answer 7

Samarra, Iraq
Ca. 848-852

A columned hall or hypostyle mosque
One monumental spiral brick minaret (similar to ziggurats)
One of Iraq’s most beautiful treasure

Question 8

Great mosque of Córdoba

Answer 8

Spain
Ca. 833-988

Columned hall or hypostyle mosques
Initially constructed in 765
Three extensions making it the largest mosque in Spain

Question 9

Maqsura

Answer 9

In early mosques, an area in front of the mihrab reserved for officials and sometimes given extra ornamentation (unusual vaulting or a dome) or special screening for security

Question 10

Iwan mosques

Answer 10

Roofed or vaulted chamber open on one side, often facing the courtyard of a mosque

Examples:
Bibi Kanum mosque, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Friday mosque and masjid-I- shah mosque , Isfahan, Iran
Friday mosque, fatehpur, India

Question 11

Bibi kanum mosque

Answer 11

Samarkand, Uzbekistan
1399
Initiated by timur- military and political leader

Question 12

Friday mosque

Answer 12

Isfahan, Iran
8th century

Use of stalactite like muqarnas vaults
Muquarnas - Islamic vault treatment that fragments the surface into many concave segments

Question 13

Masjid-I-shah mosque

Answer 13

Isfahan, Iran
17th century

Architects : bibi al-zaman tuni and ali akbar al-isfahani

Symmetrical design

Question 14

Friday mosque

Answer 14

Fatehpur Sikri, India
1568-1571

Constructed in red stone
Dominant courtyards

Question 15

Domed mosques

Answer 15

Specific in the Asian turkey - Anatolia

Inspired by the Byzantine churches from Constantinople and adopted by the ottoman turks

Question 16

Shezade mosque

Answer 16

Istanbul, turkey
1545-1548

Constructed on the site of justinians church of the holy apostles

Caravanserai - accommodation for foreign merchants, who sold at whole sale prices

Question 17

Mosque of suleyman the magnificent

Answer 17

Istanbul, turkey
1550-1557

Asymmetrical layout of the complex

Question 18

Selimiye mosque

Answer 18

Edirne, turkey
1568-1575

Considered sinans masterpiece built for Selim II

Question 19

Taj Mahal

Answer 19

Agra, India
1631-1647

Crown palace- most famous domed tomb and one of the worlds most celebrated buildings
Built by- shah jahan
Architects: Ahmad lahawri, abd al-karim ma’mur khan, makramat kan

20,000 workers
22 Years to build

Question 20

Houses

Answer 20

Privacy and seclusion 
Plain exterior walls to the street 
Houses developed around courtyards 
Windows at ground level 
Women and children separated from men and guests

Question 21

Urban settings

Answer 21

Bazar- covered market

A governor- controls the territory

Question 22

Alhambra

Answer 22

Granada, Spain
Ca. 1390

The royal residence of nasrid dynasty
Rebounded for its wonderful gardens

Question 23

Patio of arrayanes

Answer 23

Part of Alhambra

Built around a rectangular pool

Question 24

Patio of leones

Answer 24

Part of Alhambra

Interior garden
2 cross axial water channels
Central water fountain guarded by slander columns

Question 25

Islamic architecture

Answer 25

Two elements in a mosque - outdoor court and indoor praying hall
Minarets - or towers
A 4-iwan plan
-iwan: roofed or vaulted chamber open on one side, often facing the courtyard of a mosque
Domes and cupolas
Arabesque - geometric shapes and repetitive art
Decorative items