B7 - Non-Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 1

• Cannot be passed from one individual to another.

Question 2

How can risk factors come about to a human?

Answer 2

• Aspects of a person’s lifestyle or substances present in a persons body or environment, that have been shown to be linked to an increased rate of disease.

Question 3

What happens for some non-communicable diseases?

Answer 3

• A causal mechanism for some risk factors has been proven, but not in others.

Question 4

What are benign and malignant tumours a product of?

Answer 4

Abnormal, uncontrolled cell division.

Question 5

What are benign tumours?

Answer 5

Form in one place and do not spread to other tissues.

Question 6

What are malignant tumours?

Answer 6

Cancers.
Invade neighbouring tissues and may spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours.

Question 7

How can lifestyle risk factors trigger cancer?

Answer 7

Smoking, obesity, common viruses, UV exposure and genetic risks are all factors for cancer occurrence.

Question 8

What can smoking cause?

Answer 8

Cardiovascular disease - coronary heart disease, lung cancer and lung diseases such as bronchitis and COPD.

Question 9

What risks is a foetus at risk at if their mother is smoking or ‘passively’ smoking?

Answer 9

• Restricted oxygen which can lead to premature birth, low birthweight and even stillbirth.

Question 10

How can diet increase your risk of developing cardiovascular and other diseases?

Answer 10

• Through cholesterol levels.

- Indirectly through obesity.

Question 11

What can be caused through obesity?

Answer 11

• Type 2 diabetes.

Question 12

What can alcohol put at risk?

Answer 12

• Damage the liver and cause cirrhosis and liver cancer.
• Brain damage and death
• If alcohol is consumed whilst pregnant, it can affect the development of her unborn baby.