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biology > cellular respiration in germinating peas > Flashcards

cellular respiration in germinating peas Flashcards

1
Q

glycolysis is the process from

A

1 glucose turns to = 2 “NADH, 2 “ATP”

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2
Q

Acetyl-CoA synthesis and Krebs Cycle

A

2 Pyruvate turns to = 8 NADH, 2 FADH, 2 ATP

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3
Q

Electron-Transport Chain

A

10 NADH, 2 FADH turns to = 32 ATP

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4
Q

the pyruvate synthesized during what?

A

glycolysis

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5
Q

what does pyruvate convert to?

A

acetyl-CoA

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6
Q

how does pyruvate convert to acetyl-CoA?

A

in the presence of oxygen, once acetyl enters mitochondria, it converts

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7
Q

what extra is created in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

A

one molecule of carbon dioxide & one molecule of NADH

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8
Q

acetyl-CoA is metabolized through what SIX REACTIONS

A

Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle

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9
Q

Krebs Cycle or?

A

Citric Acid Cycle

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10
Q

Citric Acid Cycle or?

A

Krebs Cycle

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11
Q

each molecule of acetyl-CoA is metabolized to produce what?

A

2 molecules of CO2, some ATP, electrons

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12
Q

what are the extra “Kreb’s Cycle” electrons used for?

A

they are transfered to yeild reduced forms) NADH and FADH

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13
Q

what are the “reduced” electron-carrier molecules?

A

NADH & FADH2

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14
Q

what does the electron-transport chain synthesize?

A

ATP

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15
Q

what is the electron transport chain?

A

its a membrain-ey protein chain that collects electrons and hydrogen. The transporters switch between “reduced” and “oxidized” forms within the cell.

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16
Q

what are the “oxydised” electron molecules

A

NAD+ & FAD

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17
Q

the transporting of the electrons through the transport train creates extra energy used to-

A

-put hydrogen ions into the membrane of the mitochondria

18
Q

hydrogen accumulating into membrane creates what?

A

an ion gradient, creating electrochemical imbalance across the membrane

19
Q

what is the electrochemical imbalance used to create?

A

ATP

20
Q

what is ATP synthase?

A

a membrane chain that gets activated by hydrogen flow, this makes a part of it spin and drive ATP production

21
Q

what does each glucose molecule produce?

A

approx. 38 ATP

22
Q

what does the electro-transport chain produce for each pyruvate

A

16 ATP

23
Q

what does the electro-transport chain need to produce 16 ATP

A

a pyruvate molecule

24
Q

Avogadro’s law?

A

At constant temperature
and pressure, 1 mole of any gas has the
same volume as 1 mole of any other gas.

25
Q

aerobic cellular respiration produces?

A

36 ATP molecules for each glucose molucules

26
Q

when the electrons reach the final step of the electron-transport chain…

A

…electrons and hydrogen are transported to oxygen, forming water

27
Q

all organisms require (blank) to fuel the cellular process

A

captured and stored energy

28
Q

what is a respirometer?

A

a device that measures oxygen consumption

29
Q

photosynthesis

A

which synthesizes sugars that support cellular metabolism from the energy of the sun

30
Q

how do plants get energy when they germinate underground?

A

cellular respiraiton

31
Q

energy is in which chemical bonds?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

32
Q

when the chemical bonds of sugar are metabolized, they are stored in?

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

33
Q

what is the main form of energy used in cells?

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

34
Q

energy is stored in an ATP’s….

A

three-phosphate tail

35
Q

when an ATP’s phosphate bond is broken and the phosphate is removed

A

adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is produced, this all releases a large amount of energy that is harnested by cellular processes

36
Q

within each cell there is a constant cycling between-

A

ATP (energy stored in bonds) and ADP (product of released ATP) to power the cells processes

37
Q

4 processes of (ACR) aerobic cellular respiration

A

glycolysis, (acetyl-coA) synthesis, Krebs cycle, electron-transport chain

38
Q

glycolysis

A

is a series of 10 reactions that converts a 6-carbon glucose into molecules called pyruvate’s

39
Q

glycolysis occurs in the

A

cell cytoplasm

40
Q

glycolysis produces

A

4 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molcules

41
Q

cells may undergo aerobic cellular respiration if (blank) is present

A

oxygen

42
Q

aerobic cellular respiration produce energy by

A

matabolizing the derivatives of glucose

biology (9 decks)

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