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3rd Year - Paediatrics > 4.1. Paediatric Respiratory - Upper / Lower Respiratory Tract Infection > Flashcards

4.1. Paediatric Respiratory - Upper / Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Common Viral Respiratory Infective Agents?

A
  1. Adenovirus
  2. Influenza A / B
  3. Parainfluenza I / III
  4. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
  5. Rhinovirus
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2
Q

What are the Common Bacterial Respiratory Infective Agents?

A
  1. H. Influenzae
  2. M. Catarrhalis
  3. Mycoplasma
  4. Staph. Aureus
  5. Streptococci
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3
Q

What are the Different forms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection?

A
  1. Rhinitis (Runny Nose)
  2. Otitis Media
  3. Tonsillitis / Pharyngitis
  4. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) / Epiglottitis
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4
Q

What is the concern of Rhinitis?

A 
It is a Prodrome to Other Illnesses:
1. Pneumonia / Bronchiolitis
2. Meningitis
3. Septicaemia
Note - It is far more commonly Self-Limiting Though
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5
Q

What are the Features of Otitis Media?

A
  1. Self-Limiting (Antibiotic Treatment doesn’t usually help)
  2. Primary Viral Infection / Secondary Infection with Pneumococcus / H. Influenzae
  3. Can Cause Spontaneous Rupture of the Ear Drum
  4. Treatment = Analgesia
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6
Q

How is Tonsillitis / Pharyngitis Treated?

A
  1. Throat Swab
  2. Nothing
  3. 10 Days Penicillin
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7
Q

In Comparison of Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) vs Epiglottitis for:

  1. Causative Organism?
  2. Incidence?
  3. Managed?
  4. Symptoms?
  5. Treatment?
A

Croup vs Epiglottitis

  1. Parainfluenzae I vs H. Influenzae Type B
  2. Common vs Rare
  3. Well vs Toxic
  4. Coryza (cold) / Stridor / Hoarse Voice / Barking Cough vs Stridor / Drooling
  5. Oral Dexamethasone vs Intubation and Antibiotics
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8
Q

What are the Different forms of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection?

A
  1. Tracheitis
  2. Bronchitis
  3. Bronchiolitis
  4. Pneumonia
  5. Pertussis - Vaccinated Against
  6. Empyema
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9
Q

What are the Features of Tracheitis?

A
  1. Fever / Sick Child
  2. Staph / Strep
  3. Treat with Augmentin
  4. “Croup which does not get better”
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10
Q

What are the Clinical Features of Bronchitis?

A
  1. Loose Rattly Cough + URTI
  2. Post-Tussive (Cough) Vomit - “Glut”
  3. No Wheeze / Creps
  4. Haemophilus / Pneumococcus Endobroncial Infection
  5. Mostly Self-Limiting
    Note - 1st bad winter is the worst, gets better from there
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11
Q

Why does Bacterial Bronchitits occur?

A

Disturbed Mucociliary Clearance:

  1. Minor Airway Malacia
  2. RSV / Adenovirus
  3. Secondary to URTI
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12
Q

What are the Red Flags in Persistent Bacterial Bronchitis?

A
  1. Age - < 6 months / > 4 years
  2. Static Weight
  3. Disrupts Childs Life
  4. Associated Dyspnoea
  5. Acute Admission
    Note - Will go into Remission with Antibiotics
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13
Q

What are the Clinical Features of Bronchiolitis?

A
  1. Common LRTI of Infants - 30-40% will have it
  2. Respiratory Syncytical Virus / Parainfluenzae III / HMPV
  3. Nasal Stuffiness
  4. Tachypnoea
  5. Poor Feeding
  6. Crackles +/- Wheeze
  7. One off - Not Recurrent!
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14
Q

What are the Investigations for Bronchiolitis?

A
  1. Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA) - Cohorting
  2. Oxygen Saturation - Severity
    Note - No need for CXR / Bloods / Culture
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15
Q

What are the Clinical Features of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections?

A
  1. Fever > 38.5 degrees
  2. Dyspnoea
  3. Cough
  4. Grunting
  5. Reduced Bronchial Breath Sounds
    Note - Wheeze makes Bacterial Cause Unlikely
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16
Q

What is the Management of Pneumonia in a Child?

A
  1. Nothing
  2. Chest X-Ray / Inflammatory Markers (not Routine)
  3. Oral Amoxycillin
  4. Oral Macrolide (I.V. if Vomiting)
    Note - Causes Anxiety so only call it that if Signs are Focal + Creps + High Fever
17
Q

What are the Features of Empyema?

A
  1. Complication of Pneumonia
  2. Extension of Infection into Pleural Space
  3. Chest Pain / Very Unwell
  4. Antibiotics +/- Drainage
18
Q

What is the Antibiotic Treatment of:

  1. Tracheitits?
  2. Brochitis?
  3. LRTI / Pneumonia?
  4. Bronchiolitis?
  5. Empyema?
A
  1. Augmentin
  2. None
  3. Oral Amoxycillin
  4. None
  5. I.V. Antibiotics
    All = O2 / Hydration / Nutrition

3rd Year - Paediatrics (40 decks)

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