Glycolysis

Question 1

Describe the process of glycolysis

Answer 1

1. Glucose is phosphorylated using a phosphate from ATP, this creates one molecule of glucose phosphate and one ADP
2. ATP is then used to add another phosphate, forming hexose biphosphate, forming another ADP
3. Hexose biphosphate is spilt into 2 molecules of triose phosphate
4. Triose phosphate is oxidised (loses hydrogen), forming 2 molecules of pyruvate
5. NAD collects the H+ ions forming 2 reduced NAD
6. 4 ATP are produced from the TP to pyruvate oxidation, but 2 were used up in stage one, so there’s a net gain of 2 ATP
7. Then pyruvate is actively transported to matrix of the mitochondria

Question 2

Where does glycolysis take place

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

In anaerobic respiration what is the pyruvate produced in glycolysis converted into in plants

Answer 3

Ethanol using reduced NAD

By using the H+ ions

Question 4

In anaerobic respiration what is the pyruvate produced in glycolysis converted into in animals

Answer 4

It loses a h+ ion and becomes lactate

Alcohol fermentation - pyruvate loses a co2 molecule and this forms ethanal and then if you use a H+ ions from reduced NAD this produced NAD and ethanol

Question 5

What is the overall yield from one glucose molecule undergoing glycolysis

Answer 5

2 molecules of ATP

2 molecules of reduced NAD

2 molecules of pyruvate